Bitcoin mining.

[Bitcoin]

HiveOs How To -- Dual Miner Setup ETC,ETH,XMR|12:42

[Bitcoin]

The price of the mining hardware is also essential. Do not forget most of the cheap mining hardware will rake in a few Bitcoins. Expensive Bitcoin mining hardware is unique, fast and efficient. To make a fortune from the Bitcoin mining business, be ready to invest. Aim for value and quality in your purchase.
Once you have an idea of the factors to look for as mentioned above, the hunt for the best hardware for Bitcoin mining begins. To make it easy for you, we have already complied a list of the best miners. This will help you determine the best bitcoin miner hardware and start mining bitcons yourself.
Our Top 7 Best ASIC Miners 2020.
The Antminer S5 may not be the latest Bitcoin mining hardware (other models like the S7 and S9, have come after it), but it is still in use, and its efficiency and function is exemplary.
The Bitmain Antminer S5 features a power supply labeled 115 Volts, and that draws about 560 Watts. With the low power needs and consumption, small power supply, similar to those running desktop computers can accommodate the Antminer S5.
With regards to efficiency, the unit produces about 1 GH/s for every 0.51 watts consumed. Which translates to 0.51 J/GH. Compared to its predecessor, the S3, the S5's efficiency has improved. All these integrated features makes it the most powerful bitcoin miner in the current market.
As for the weight, the S5 weighs 2.5kgs. Its reduced weight is courtesy of its lightweight material and the fact that it is open from top to bottom. The setup is not rocket science and requires no prior tech experience. All these features make it the best antminer in the current market.
The Bitmain Antminer S7 was introduced to the market in 2015. It has since become one of the most popular Bitcoin hardware miners and dominates the market courtesy of its low power consumption compared to the S5.
The power supply unit recommended for use the S7 is the 1600 watt APW3. This power supply unit is by far one of the best available in the market. It is precisely designed for Bitcoin mining.
The miner can run even the most potent mining hardware - the Antminer S9. It, however, requires a minimum of 205 Volts to operate. The optimal power consumption makes it the most efficient bitcoin miner.
The efficiency of the S7 depends on the effectiveness of the power supply used and the ambient temperature. But, at room temperature of about 25 degrees Celsius, the S7 produces about 1300 watts. At this point, you should note that every generation of the Antminer is near twice as efficient when compared to its predecessor.
It weighs 7.5 pounds and features a durable metal casing with a groove and tongue system incorporated into it. Since the unit is noisy, it is not ideal to have it inside a home. Additionally, it is imperative to ensure you put it in a cool environment to ensure that you spend less energy trying to cool it as it mines.
The Bitmain Antminer S9 is currently the best Bitcoin mining hardware available on the market. It features the highest hash rate of about 14 TH/sec and is by far the most efficient mining hardware available.
This high hash rate has been made possible courtesy of 3 circuit boards featuring a total of 189 chips. For all that the S9 has to offer, you should expect to pay a pretty penny for it.
The Antminer S9 can be used with the Antminer 1600 Watt power supply efficiently. Speaking of efficiency, the S9 is notably the most efficient mining hardware available. And while it consumes 300 watts more compared to the S7, it is twice as efficient with about 0.1 Joules per Gigahash.
The unit has a sturdy design and weighs 10.4 pounds. The sturdy design comes in handy when a miner needs to arrange the multiple miners on one shelf. Using the S9, you best have it in a garage or a warehouse. The noise produced is unbearable for a home.
T9 is yet another excellent best bitcoin miner 2020 on the list. It should, however, be pointed out that it is slightly on the higher price range. With regards to comparing the T9 to the S9, miners are split on which is better. Below is a brief review of the T9 that will allow choosing between the two an easy process.
The T9 consumes about 1450 watts for approximately 11.5 TH/s for Batch 23. It has an efficiency of 0.126 J/GH. Going with this numbers, the S9 is better than the T9. But before you make the decision, note that the quality chips in the S9 were of a slightly lower quality which leads to their reduced stability. The T9 Miner has this problem fixed.
The T9 also attended to the pre-auto-freq issue prevalent with the S9 miner.
If you are looking for an excellent bitcoin miner at an affordable price, this is the one for you. This product is the latest addition to the industry by the company Canaan. It provides a good hash rate about 7.3 TH/s and features an air forming cooling system that enables 88 chips to function great as a single unit. Also, it helps to keep the miner running at all times.
The unit features an efficiency of 0.16 J/GH. This efficiency rating is way better compared to all other products in its price range.
This mining hardware was introduced into the market in 2018. When talking about Dash ASIC miners, you have to mention the Antminer D3 as it is among the best.
Most miners are using this hardware to first mine dash coins which they later convert into Bitcoins and make huge profits in the process. The Antminer D3 provides a hash rate of 15 GH/s and uses up about 1200 Watts.
Overall, it measures 320x130x190mm which makes it possible to have a neat arrangement when running multiple miners simultaneously.
How ASIC Miner Have Changed the World of Cryptocurrency Mining.
When the idea of the bitcoin and the Bitcoin mining was still new, all you needed was a normal PC with the normal CPU and GPU to start the mining. However, when the idea became popularized, the traditional equipment could not get the desired hash rate. This is when the advancements began to be made. It was known beforehand that when the demand of the bitcoin will rise, there will be a need to develop better hardware to keep up with the demand.
When the traditional CPU proved itself to be ineffective, there was an addition of the GPUs to the system. This kept the hash rate up for a while. However, the exponential growth of the demand meant that there was a need for a better hardware to keep up with the market.
This is when the GPUs became more advanced and stacks of them began to be used to get a higher hash rate. However, the cost of electricity began to rocket through the skies and mining coins on stacks of GPUs stopped being feasible as well.
As and when the miners increase in number, there is going to be a drop in the hash rate if you are using the same equipment. This is when the need for a better technology arose and the ASIC chips came into existence.
As we know quite well by now, the ASIC chips are designed for the sole purpose of mining and they are quite efficient in comparison with the GPUs, producing a higher hash rate at a lower consumption of electricity. This specialized technology has done marvels and companies and individuals around the world have started their own mining farms after the ASIC chips came out.

[Bitcoin]

Claymore's Miner DUAL Mining ETH + Blake2S Keccak Algorithm Guide|9:49

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Since this technology was developed for the sole purpose of mining and cannot be used anywhere else, the cost has to be born by the customers of mining only. This is why some of the best ASIC miners in the world can cost thousands of dollars every month.
There is quite a lot of heat produced when the ASIC miners are at work. This is one of the sole reasons why many companies in the world are having a hard time looking for a suitable place to set up their mining farms. There is a huge requirement of space to accommodate all the equipment and the electricity has to be cheap too. A lot of the space is taken up by the fans that are used to cool down the equipment.
On the other hand, there are some companies which do not have any trouble with this arrangement and they have set up huge mining farms. This has led to the mining of the bitcoin and validation of the blockchain to become more of a centralized process since most of the mining is being done by these few companies.
Can we Mine Without ASIC Miners? YES!
Even though everyone around the world is going to recommend that you invest in an ASIC miner, there are a few other ways in which you can mine the bitcoin and other altcoins. These include:
Mining Pools: This is the process of collaborating with others in the pool and combining the computing power of all to create a block. The rewards of this block are then shared among all the members of the pool propotional to the computing power that they contributed. USB Miners: This is one of the simplest ways of mining; the only thing that you have to do is plug in the USB Miner to the PC. However, it is quite inefficient and is usually considered a waste of the time and money. CPU: This is going to be one of the simplest way of mining; the only requirement is the CPU with a strong processor. This was going to be fruitful a decade ago but now it is not going to bring about any result.
Choosing the Best ASIC Miner: What's Your Choice?
Ultimately, the decision of whether or not to mine Bitcoin lies with you. However, if you need the best mining hardware to make your mining venture profitable, then above are some of the best asic miners you should consider. Ensure you consider the factors we have listed above before choosing the best asic miner.
Bitcoin mining asic.
An application-specific integrated circuit (abbreviated as ASIC ) is an integrated circuit (IC) customized for a particular use, rather than intended for general-purpose use. In Bitcoin mining hardware, ASICs were the next step of development after CPUs, GPUs and FPGAs. Capable of easily outperforming the aforementioned platforms for Bitcoin mining in both speed and efficiency, all Bitcoin mining hardware that is practical in use will make use of one or more Bitcoin (SHA256d) ASICs.
Note that Bitcoin ASIC chips generally can only be used for Bitcoin mining . While there are rare exceptions - for example chips that mine both Bitcoin and scrypt - this is often because the chip package effectively has two ASICs: one for Bitcoin and one for scrypt.
The ASIC chip of choice determines, in large part, the cost and efficiency of a given miner, as ASIC development and manufacture are very expensive processes, and the ASIC chips themselves are often the components that require the most power on a Bitcoin miner.
While there are many Bitcoin mining hardware manufacturers, some of these should be seen as systems integrators - using the ASIC chips manufactured by other parties, and combining them with other electronic components on a board to form the Bitcoin mining hardware.
Bitcoin ASIC development pace.
The pace at which Bitcoin ASICs have been developed, for a previously non-existent market, has seen some academic interest. One paper titled "Bitcoin and The Age of Bespoke Silicon" notes:
The Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies online course by Princeton University notes:
A timeline overview for CoinTerra's Goldstrike 1 chip also shows this as 8 months between founding the company and shipping a product.
Bitcoin ASIC specifications.
A Bitcoin ASIC's specification could be seen as having a certain hash rate (e.g. Gh/s) at a certain efficiency (e.g. J/Gh). While cost is another factor, this is often a relatively fixed factor as the minimum cost of a chip will be determined by the fabrication process, while the maximum cost will be determined by market forces, which are outside of post-fabrication technological control.
When reading the specifications for ASICs on this page is that they should be interpreted as being indicative, rather than authoritative. Many of the figures will have come from the manufacturers, who will present their technology in the best light - be that high hash rates that in practice may not be very efficient and require additional cooling, or very high efficiency at a cost of hash rate and risking being slow in the race against difficulty adjustments. Complicating the matter further is that Bitcoin ASICs can often be made to cater to both ends of the spectrum by varying the clock frequency and/or the power provided to the chip (often via a regulated voltage supply). As such, chips can not be directly compared.
Comparing Bitcoin ASICs.
Two proposals have been made in the past for attempts at comparing ASICs - Gh/mm² and η-factor. Gh/mm² is a simple measure of the number of Gigahashes per second of the chip, divided by its die area (area of the the actual silicon). This measure however does not take into account the node size which affects how many logical cells can fit in a given area. As a result, η-factor was suggested at the BitcoinTalk Forums which attempts to take the node size into account, by multiplying the Gh/mm² value by the half the node size, three times.
Although the merit of these approaches can be debated, ultimately these figures are not as important as the ones that detail what is required to make an ASIC work. If an ASIC requires highly stable power supply, then the power supply circuitry on a board may be more expensive than for another ASIC. If the ASIC has a complex communications protocol, additional relatively expensive components may be required. If an ASIC's die is large, fewer (rectangular slices) can be obtained from a (circular) wafer, defects affect its design dispropotionately, and cooling solutions are generally more complex compared to smaller die chips which in turn have other overhead. Chips with a BGA design are less simple to integrate than a QFN, requiring more expensive (inspection and testing) equipment. Nevertheless, for historic purposes they are included in listings here where sufficient information is available.

[Bitcoin]

Increase Profits Merge-Mining ETH+ZIL!|43:11

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Number of cores.
One other oft-mentioned number statistic for an ASIC chip is the number of cores or hashing engines that are on the chip. While this number is directly related to performance, it is not necessarily a comparitive relation. Bitmain Technologies' BM1382 calculates 63 hashes per clock cycle (Hz), while their more efficient BM1384 calculates 55 hashes per clock cycle. Similarly, while these hashes per clock cycle are spot-on for the claims regarding the number of cores, BitFury's BF756C55 is claimed to have 756 cores, but yields around 11.6 hashes per clock cycle. This is because the reference to cores sometimes mean different things, and certain designs result in less straightforward calculation [1] Nevertheless, when a designer makes claims regarding hash rates at certain clock frequencies, one can determine if A. there is a straightforward calculation and B. if the designer is being imprecise (rounding values) or even intentionally dishonest, as the ratio between clock cycles and hash rate should remain the same.
'A Race Toward Zero': With Hashrate in the Clouds, Bitcoin mining Is Less Profitable Than Ever.
Colin Harper.
Bitcoin mining profitability is in the basement, seeing all-time lows in 2020. Conversely, bitcoin's hashrate has surged throughout 2020, propelled in part by mining farms financing new hardware to boost their operations. Bitcoin's hashrate has taken a dip as China's wet season comes to an end, but mining professionals predict this will only be temporary, and it has only improved profit margins so much.
Bitcoin mining profits have been rock bottom in 2020.
For much of the year, the cryptocurrency has been less profitable to mine than ever. And that's because Bitcoin's collective hashrate - or how much computing power is pulsing through the network - has surged to consecutive all-time highs this year.
Subscribe to Blockchain Bites, our daily update with the latest stories.
According to North American Bitcoin mining company Luxor's hashprice index, miners are extracting $0.096 for every terahash they produce (before the recent price spike, it was lower still at roughly $0.08). This time three years ago, miners could expect to make roughly $1.40. Their revenue in October of 2019, though several magnitudes less than what they were raking in during 2017's market mania, was still double today's cash flows at $0.16.
Coming into 2020, miners were producing approximately 90 exahashes a second (or 83,000,000,000,000,000,000 cryptographic numbers a second in an effort to generate new blocks). Now, they are producing roughly 124 EH/s, after hitting an all time high of 157 EH/s in mid-October.
Bitcoin mining is a resource war of attrition, so naturally revenue margins are dwindling in a year when Bitcoin's hashrate is exploding. And ASIC financing could largely be to blame.
The practice, whereby big operations can take out loans to bulk-order newer-generation hardware, floods the network with fresh hashrate. The surge in hashrate has meant more competition than ever for the digital gold rush - and with fewer bits to go around, small-time miners are having trouble keeping up.
Bitcoin's hashrate and mining revenue are inversely proportional.
Luxor Mining pool operator Ethan Vera told CoinDesk the anemic miner revenue is a direct result of the Bitcoin system's growing hashrate, its relatively stagnant price and lower-than-usual transaction fees.
According to Luxor's index, the seven-day hashrate average is currently resting at 124 exahashes a second, and Vera said this "is largely due to Bitmain S19s and Whatsminer M30s being delivered to the market in large quantities."
It's not unusual, of course, for miner revenue to decline when hashrate is going vertical. But Bitcoin's stellar increase in hashrate in 2020, a nearly 30% increase this year, is the result of accelerated investment in the industry. Much of this growth comes from ASIC financing, wherein miners take out loans to buy the best new-generation mining equipment.
The mining finance industry, populated by key players including Blockfills, Arctos, BlockFi, SBI, DCG and Galaxy Digital, continues to grow. Increased competition has led to lower rates, Vera said, with some miners being able to secure sub 10% interest loans. Just a year or so ago, the common rate was 20%.
"A number of North American companies have been in the news recently for large hardware purchases, particularly RIOT Blockchain and Bitfarms. Foundry has also popped up recently and offering financing options for ASIC miners," Thomas Heller, the COO of mining media firm HASHR8, told CoinDesk.
Most recently, CoinDesk reported on Marathon Patent Group's purchase of 10,000 Antminer s-19s, which could pump an estimated 1.1 exhashes into the mining company's operation. This is Marathon's second bulk purchase from Bitmain this year after it scooped up 10,500 ASICs for $23 million in a deal with Bitmain this August.
Stephen Barbour, whose company, Upstream Data, provides oil drillers with mining rigs that run on vented natural gas, sees this as detrimental to Bitcoin mining's short-to-near-term health. In some cases, he told CoinDesk, the big players aren't always optimized for profitability because they have financial cushions.
"These guys can rent out an old mine, operate at a loss and then recapitalize," he told CoinDesk, referring to these firms' abilities to take out new loans or woo new investors when they need to shore up finances.
A look at one such firm, RIOT Blockchain, makes Barbour's point. The publicly traded company purchased thousands of ASICs this year in a herculean (if quixotic) effort to quadruple its hashrate by 2021. As of June 2020, Riot had net operating losses of nearly $15 million, according to SEC filings. Riot clocked a similar loss in the first half of 2019, and Marathon posted $3.2 million in losses for the first half of 2020.
Northern AG, another publicly traded mining operation, had a net income of -$8.7 million in 2019 and -$5.6 million in 2018. Even the profitable ones, like the likewise public industrial miner Hut 8, barely eked out a profit in 2019: after generating $83 million in revenue, Hut 8 pocketed just $2.1 million after debt obligations and other expenses.
Disregarding profit, these miners continue to expand in hopes of future spoils, but this very activity is sending Bitcoin's hashrate skyward, Barbour argues.
"These guys can get these big loans and they are effectively operating at a loss, and it's propping up the hashrate."
Retail miners feeling the heat.
As these big mining farms scale irrespective of profit, Bitcoin's hashrate pumps, and smaller players are having a hard time keeping up with the suped-up competition.
"It's becoming increasingly challenging for small miners to compete for both hosting and hardware purchases, because lower prices are available for those orders with larger volume," Heller said.
List of Bitcoin mining ASICs.
Contents.
1 ASIC development projects 1.1 21 1.2 ASICMiner 1.3 ASICrising GmbH 1.4 Avalon Project 1.5 BIOSTAR Group 1.6 BitDragonfly 1.7 BitFury Group 1.8 Bitmain Technologies Ltd. 1.9 Black Arrow 1.10 Btc-Digger 1.11 BTCGARDEN 1.12 Butterfly Labs, Inc. 1.13 Clam Ltd 1.14 CoinTerra, Inc. 1.15 DigBig 1.16 Ebang 1.17 Gridchip 1.18 Gridseed 1.19 HashFast Technologies, LLC 1.20 iCoinTech 1.21 Innosilicon 1.22 KnCMiner Sweden AB 1.23 Land Asic 1.24 LK Group 1.25 MegaBigPower 1.26 SFARDS 1.27 Spondoolies-Tech LTD 1.28 TMR 2 Canceled projects 2.1 bASIC 2.2 BTCMinerz 2.3 DeepBit 2.4 helveticoin 2.5 LargeCoin 2.6 Marchenko Ltd 2.7 Novello Technologies 2.8 OpenBitASIC 2.9 papa moi 2.10 Xcrowd 3 Questionable projects 4 References.

[Bitcoin]

Element - Battle For The Solar System - Mining Planets - Fast-paced Space RTS - Element Gameplay|12:51

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ASIC development projects.
ASICMiner.
ASICMiner Unknown a 2015 16nm chip co-developed with BitQuan,BitFountain. The planned node size would be 16nm or 14nm This chip is planned to be introduced in the future.
ASICrising GmbH.
ASICrising Wolfblood x14 a 14nm 200Gh/s 0.08J/Gh chip . As of 1 April 2015 ( 2015 -04-01 ) [update] no further information on this potential chip has become available beyond the Coinbau investment brochure.
Avalon Project.
Avalon Project Unknown a 2015-Jul chip co-developed with Canaan Creative. This chip is rumored to become available around July of 2015.
BIOSTAR Group.
BitDragonfly.
BitFury Group.
BitFury Group Unknown a 40nm chip . BitFury Group would have considered this their Gen 3 product. No information is available on whether the earlier 'Gen 1 Rev 2' is to be seen as 'Gen 2'. This chip may have been canceled altogether.
BitFury Group Unknown a 2015-Sep-02 16nm 0.06J/Gh chip . BitFury Group considers this their Gen 5 product. Date is public announcement of tape-out date. This chip is planned for the future and specifications are highly subject to change.
Bitmain Technologies Ltd.
Bitmain Technologies Ltd. unknown a 2016 16nm chip . This chip has only been alluded to in Bitmain Technologies' BM1385 announcement.
Black Arrow.
Black Arrow Ltd Unknown a 2015-May 14nm 0.3J/Gh chip . Tape-out was purportedly in December 2014 This chip has been declared canceled on the 27th of May, 2015.
Btc-Digger.
BTCGARDEN.
BTCGARDEN www Unknown a 2013-Dec 40nm chip . Along with an IPO, BTCGARDEN's 40nm endeavours were canceled. BTCGARDEN would then go on to use ASICMiner's BE200 40nm chip in mining products.
Butterfly Labs, Inc.
Clam Ltd.
CoinTerra, Inc.
CoinTerra, Inc. SHIVA www BCT a 2014-Sep-18 16nm 0.225J/Gh chip co-developed with Global Unichip Corp. Assumed not to have gone into production before CoinTerra's Chapter 7 Bankruptcy.
DigBig.
Ebang.
Gridchip.
Gridchip Unknown BCT a 2013-Jul-04 40nm 2Gh/s chip . This chip was canceled, however its technology would eventually surface in the Gridseed GC3355.See also: GridSeed, SFARDS.
Gridseed.
HashFast Technologies, LLC.
HashFast Technologies, LLC generation 2' a 2013-Aug-21 16nm chip co-developed with DXCorr. Date is initial design start date. Plans of this chip were revealed in HashFast's bankruptcy case. Although listed here under HashFast Technologies, the IP rights lay with DXCorr. This chip was canceled at some point during its development, in favor of 'generation 1.5.
HashFast Technologies, LLC generation 1.5 a 2013-Dec-01 28nm chip co-developed with DXCorr. Date is initial design start date. Plans of this chip were revealed in HashFast's bankruptcy case. Development of this chip began after 'generation 2.0' was canceled. This chip was canceled after DXCorr ceased verbal communication pending HashFast's bankruptcy case.
iCoinTech.
iCoinTech Unknown a 2014-Apr chip . A next chip was mentioned, and in a private message to TheRealSteve, iCoinTech noted that there were unexpected delays. No new information has since surfaced, and it may have been canceled.
Innosilicon.
KnCMiner Sweden AB.
Land Asic.
LK Group.
LK Group Limited www B-eleven BCT a 14nm 0.26J/Gh chip . Plans for this chip have been announced and claimed to have been taped out. Any specifications are highly subject to change.
MegaBigPower.
MegaBigPower www unknown www BCT a 2014-Jul 28nm 62.5Gh/s 0.5J/Gh chip . Hash rate is a rough estimate based on 2kW at-the-wall miner with 64 chips. Other than website claims no information on this chip is available. Some BitcoinTalk posts suggest the design did not originate entirely with MegaBigPower.
SFARDS.
Spondoolies-Tech LTD.
Spondoolies-Tech LTD Mattock BCT . Mattock was mentioned in the BitcoinTalk thread, but it is uncertain if it is/was to be a (Bitcoin) ASIC.
Spondoolies-Tech LTD unknown a 2015 chip . Considered by Spondoolies-Tech to be their 3rd Generation product. Mentioned only in passing in a BitcoinTalk forum post.
TMR www Unknown www BCT a 2013-Sep-23 110nm 0.313Gh/s 2.5J/Gh chip .
TMR www Unknown www a 2014-Feb 55nm 2Gh/s 0.9J/Gh chip . Intended to be package, pin and protocol compatibe with the TMR's 110nm offering. TMR sought venture capital for development of a 55nm chip, but As of 1 April 2015 ( 2015 -04-01 ) [update] no further information has become available.
Canceled projects.
The following is a list of projects that are known or confidently presumed to have been canceled prior to production.
bASIC.
bASIC unknown www BCT a 2012-Sep-03 90nm 4.5Gh/s 6.413J/Gh chip co-developed with BTCFPGA. This project was effectively canceled on January 9th, 2013.
BTCMinerz.
DeepBit.
DeepBit Reclaimer BCT a 2012-Sep-10 chip . This project was declared canceled on April 8th 2013.
helveticoin.
helveticoin Unknown BCT a 2012-Oct 28nm 64Gh/s 0.078J/Gh chip co-developed with STMicroelectronics. Date is claimed tape-out date. Gh/s performance is based on claimed clock frequency and number of hashing engines. Claimed to incorporate / be built around an ARM Cortex M3 core. Presumed to have been canceled prior to production or to have been a ruse given claims.
LargeCoin.
LargeCoin Unknown BCT a 2012-Jul chip . Presumed to have been canceled prior to production.
Marchenko Ltd.
Marchenko Ltd unknown BCT a 2012-Apr-04 chip . Project was cancelled on July 12th, 2012.
Novello Technologies.
Novello Technologies unknown www BCT a 2014-Jun-03 40nm 128Gh/s 0.195J/Gh chip . Die size is an estimate based on a stated chip size of 100mm² Project was put on indefinite hold on June 12th, 2013.
OpenBitASIC.
OpenBitASIC unknown BCT a 2012-Apr-12 chip . Project was canceled on April 14th, 2013.
papa moi.
Xcrowd.
xCrowd Terra One / Z1 www BCT [media: a ] a 2013-Jul-02 40nm 15Gh/s 1.667J/Gh chip . Listed as both Z1 and Terra One Presumed to have been canceled prior to production.
Questionable projects.
The following is a list of projects that were not formally canceled and are generally presumed to have been dishonest in their presentation of the existence / performance / depiction of the chip and/or the company.
Note: Most links below will lead to external sites. Icons have been suppressed to prevent link clutter.

[Bitcoin]

How to Mine Cryptocurrency with Raspberry Pi.
By Caroline Dunn 07 November 2020.
Is it possible to mine for cryptocurrency in 2020 with Raspberry Pi?
With Bitcoins trading at almost $14,000 per bitcoin , perhaps it is finally time for me to get into the cryptocurrency game? Instead of buying bitcoins, could I use my Raspberry Pi to mine for bitcoins instead?
What is Cryptocurrency mining?
Crypto mining is the digital version of mining for gold, combining performing complicated calculations and pure luck (being the first to complete the calculation) with your computer. Mining is essential to cryptocurrencies in order to maintain their distributed ledger, aka Blockchain.
While Bitcoin is the most well-known form of cryptocurrency, it's hardly the only game in town. All forms of cryptocurrency use blockchains to maintain the validity of each transaction and prevent someone from fraudulently spending their coins more than once.
Is Raspberry Pi Bitcoin mining profitable in 2020?
My initial research showed that mining for bitcoins with any consumer grade computer is not profitable when factoring in the cost of electricity and hardware . Most Bitcoin mining is now done on ASIC Bitcoin Miners ; hobbyists and individuals can find limited success by joining a mining pool, harnessing the power of a group of distributed computers. What if we joined a mining pool, used solar panels to power our Pi, and 'wrote-off' the cost of our hardware? Bitcoin mining is an extremely competitive venture with too many other miners, increasing difficulty levels, and lower rewards for miners .
Despite this gloom and doom news, I decided to forge ahead with this project and set my sights on alternative cryptocurrencies. As of the writing of this article, there are over six thousand alternative cryptocurrencies traded today.
Individual cryptocurrency mining was out of the question since we are using a Raspberry Pi and not an ASIC Bitcoin Miner . I looked at several mining pool software groups I could join; most had options for Windows and MacOS; there were no mining pools with support for Raspberry Pi. Raspberry Pi is not supported by Linux miner software due to its ARM Architecture. Supported Linux mining software is based on x86 processors found in typical PCs.
Disclaimer: This article is presented as an educational opportunity to spark interest in learning more about blockchain and cryptocurrency, and not necessarily to generate cryptocurrency. The methods described in this article are hacks and not officially supported. The easier and faster method is to download and install the free software associated with the mining pool of your choice on your PC.
What You'll Need for this Project.
Raspberry Pi 4 or Raspberry Pi 3 8 GB (or larger) microSD card (see best Raspberry Pi microSD cards) with a fresh install of Raspberry Pi Lite OS or Raspberry Pi OS with Desktop. Power supply/Keyboard/Mouse/Monitor/HDMI Cable (for your Raspberry Pi) Optional (Recommended): Heatsinks and fan for your Raspberry Pi Optional: Solar Panel Power Bank with USB-C Optional: Raspberry Pi Cluster Case with Heatsinks and Fans.
This tutorial is based on terminal commands. If you are not familiar with terminal commands on your Raspberry Pi, we highly recommend reviewing 25+ Linux Commands Raspberry Pi Users Need to Know first.
How to Mine for Cryptocurrency on Raspberry Pi.
We will start by creating our account with Minergate , a cryptocurrency mining pool with 3.5 million users worldwide for Bitcoin Gold, Zcash, Ethereum, Ethereum Classic, and Monero . This tutorial is specific to mining Monero as it was the only cryptocurrency I had any level of success with.
2. Boot your Raspberry Pi. If you don't already have a microSD card see our article on how to set up a Raspberry Pi for the first time or how to do a headless Raspberry Pi install .
3. If you are using Raspberry Pi OS with Desktop, open a Terminal , or press Ctrl-T . If you are using Raspberry Pi Lite, login as you would normally.
4. Once in your terminal, run the following updates and install the necessary dependencies:
5. Now, let's compile the mining code with the following three commands. This step will take a couple of minutes on a Raspberry Pi 4.
6. After building and configuring our mining software on our Raspberry Pi, let's start mining for Monero ! Enter the following terminal command to start the miner, replacing YOUR_EMAIL with the email address you used to signup for your Minergate account.
You should see the mining software start and hopefully see a few shares 'accepted' with 'yes!'
7. Let's check your Minergate Dashboard by logging into https://minergate.com/internal . You can do this on a Chromium browser if using Raspberry Pi Desktop, or on your PC. Scroll down your dashboard until you see Monero. If everything is working, your Monero Status will indicate ONLINE. Congratulations! You're now mining for Monero!
How to Start Raspberry Pi Crypto Mining on Boot.
To automatically start our cryptocurrency miner on boot on our Raspberry Pi, we'll use the Crontab method.
If you haven't set the crontab previously, you'll see the response "no crontab for pi, Select an editor."
1. Type '1' and hit Enter .
2. This will open a new crontab file, arrow down to the bottom of your crontab file and enter the command below, replacing YOUR_EMAIL, with the email address you used when creating your Minergate account.
4. Press Ctrl-X , and y to save your crontab .
5. Now reboot your Pi by typing ' sudo reboot ' in your Terminal .
How much Monero did I mine with Raspberry Pi?
My Raspberry Pi 4 calculated 357 good shares in about 8 hours of run time. Miners are rewarded for good shares . Bad Shares are calculations where I came up with the right answer, but my Pi produced the results slower than another computer. Miners only get paid when they submit the correct answer first. Invalid shares are the worst as a miner is penalized for every invalid share due to possible fraudulent activity. I was a bit worried when my first 4 shares were marked as invalid shares.
357 good shares = 0.000001410642 Monero = 0.00015569 USD.
I made the equivalent of 1/100th of a penny in 8 hours.
In order to withdraw my Monero, I needed a minimum of 0.05 Monero , approximately equal to $5.811 USD . (Exchange rate at the time of the writing of this article.) At a pace of accumulating 0.000001410642 Monero per 8 hours , it would take me 3,762 years to reach the minimum withdrawal threshold of 0.05 Monero.

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[Bitcoin]

Lessons Learned about Raspberry Pi Crypto mining.
As stated at the beginning of this article, the purpose of this exercise was to learn about cryptocurrency and not to make a profit.
Cryptocurrency mining rewards are calculated by shares and hash rates. My hash rate varied from 1.6 H/s to 33.3 H/s. The average hash rate for the pool was 10.27 MH/s, approximately 3 million times my Pi's hash rate. For reference, 1 MH/s is 1,000,000 hashes per second. The mining pool company (in this case Minergate), also charges a small commission on your transactions. You have the choice of luck based commission (higher risk, higher reward), or Pay Per Share (higher commission for Minergate, but less risk). At various points during the writing of this article, my Pi had numerous 'time out' errors and 'send_line failed.' Sometimes a reboot of the Pi would help, and sometimes, the miner would eventually start working again without human intervention.
it would take me 3,762 years to reach the minimum withdrawal threshold.
Crypto-"mining" is a type of Ponzi scheme. Don't do it!
Why not plug a usb crypto miner into your pi? They usually produce around 300MH/s at around 2.5-10W.
A few questions:
You mention the ARM CPU as a limiting factor. Would it work better with a cheap x86 unit like the Atomic Pi?
The last time I checked, World Community Grid had a client for ARM but no actual jobs to process. Has that changed?
Have you tried the xmrig miner?
Is there any real use for Monero? No one seems to want it.
How to Mine Cryptocurrency with Raspberry Pi : Read more.
If you want to go deeper down this rabbit hole I'd recommend investigating mining uPlexa instead of Monero on smaller devices like the Raspberry PI. More information here: https://www.uplexa.com/. While Monero has wider adoption, uPlexa is growing. you can exchange uPlexa for Ethereum on Stex and Bitcoin on Graviex.
Because it's designed for IoT you won't run into issues with Bad or Invalid shares mining uPlexa on your Raspberry PI. There are pools like upxpool.com that offer ports with very low difficulty that are also perfect for older Android phones (you can mine using their dedicated Android app or run Ubuntu in Termux), Raspberry PI, etc.
After overclocking my RPI4 and installing Raspberry OS 64 bit. I've been running xmrigCC for months and get a solid 1.1 kH/s hashrate. While that still will only net you about 19 cents a month at current values that's a significant improvement over Monero. And in 6 months uPlexa's exchange value has fluctuated significantly. That 19 cents was worth closer to 50 cents over the summer.
More importantly. there's a ton of development happening with uPlexa. They will be launching a new update shortly called Steadfast Storm which includes a dVPN on the uPlexa network. Mining powers the network. And a few days worth of mining on your RPI should be more than enough to cover access.

[Bitcoin]

Bitcoin mining with a Raspberry Pi.
First Published 14th January 2018, Last Updated 22nd August 2019 by Tim Trott.
Raspberry Pi Bitcoin mining with AntMiner U2.
Since this guide has been written the difficulty involved in mining Bitcoin has increased significantly. The techniques presented here are no longer profitable and you will spend more on electricity than you would ever hope to gain through mining. When I fired up my miner to update this, the estimated payout was in 108 years time, for 0.0001 Bitcoin. This is for information purposes only.
Raspberry Pi in combination with a USB ASIC miner chip makes a good Bitcoin miner (PiMiner) due to its low power usage and ease of configuration. ASIC devices are specialised computing processors specific to the SHA256 algorithm used in Bitcoin hashes. They are much more efficient than pure CPU computations. The Raspberry Pi is a very cheap and efficient way to control and monitor devices which are better suited to mining Bitcoins.
To get started mining Bitcoins with a Raspberry Pi and an Antminer U2 USB ASIC device, you will also need:
A Pool Account (Recommended: SlushPool.com) A BitCoin Wallet Powered USB Hub (Optional for Pi3, Required for is the details from the Slushpool worker configuration.
If everything is plugged in correctly bfgminer should automatically recognise the antminers and start mining. Depending on which version of Antminer you have, you will see the speed and hash rates shown in the screen. Antminer U2 should be around 1.6Gh/s.
The three speed numbers you see indicate the last 5s avg speed, the All-Time Average (for this program run) and the Effective Average (actual performance taking into account failures etc).
While you won't get rich running a single Raspberry Pi Bitcoin Rig, you can learn about cryptocurrency, mining and of course the Raspberry Pi. As a tool for education, this can help you decide if you wish to invest in more appropriate equipment to mine cryptocurrency. Idea: Why not try Bitcoin mining on a Raspberry Pi cluster?
13th June 2019 at 3:56 am.
I am trying to implement the "Bitcoin mining using RPi" project and am facing a little bit of trouble when I am trying to get the setup functioning to start mining bitcoins.Could you please help me out ?
I am using a RPi 3 flashed with Raspbian stretch OS (full version, not the lite version) Gekkoscience compac USB ASIC Bitcoin core wallet SlushPool pooled mining account BFGminer USB Hub.
I've already linked the Bitcoin core wallet to the slushpool account and also have installed the BFGminer onto the RPi.
There seems to be some problem/error occuring when I run the final command i.e bfgminer -S all -o stratum+tcp://eu.stratum.slushpool.com:3333 -u -p The mining process doesn't start. the screen shows something like "waiting for devices. press M+ to add devices or Q to quit" something like that and the quickly it moves on to another screen which keeps displaying "Trying in 15 seconds" something like that..
Can somebody help me out with this ?
I will be able to share screenshots of error message if somebody is really interested in solving the issue.
28th July 2018 at 12:00 am.
I'm trying to run bfgminer but I keep getting "No servers could be used. Exiting" trying to connect with nicehash and slush pool. Tried with and without sudo, and installed from repository using instructions here. Raspbian stretch 9. I heard it could be to do with libcurl or ufw but I don't know how to check or test these. Could somebody help please?
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Tim Trott is a creative photographer, traveller, astronomer and software engineer with a passion for self-growth and a desire for personal challenge.
How to Create a Raspberry Pi Bitcoin Miner.
If you don't know already, Bitcoin is a virtual currency set up in 2009. Bitcoin has grown in reputation over the past few years becoming a very popular as a method to pay for services over the internet. The value has rocketed recently thanks to the huge coverage in the media, for both positive and negative reasons.
There are two ways to get Bitcoin:
Buying them from an exchange, which is the process of converting local currency to Bitcoin. Mining them . Mining is the process of verifying transactions in the blockchain .
As the whole of the Bitcoin system is decentralised, every transaction is publically viewable within what is called the blockchain. This blockchain contains every bitcoin exchanged between users so, as there is no central server, it has to be self governed. This is the job of the miners.
Requirements.
In order to mine Bitcoin, you will need:
A pool account Bitcoin Wallet Raspberry Pi Raspbian image SD card USB Bitcoin miner.
Creating an Account.
There are four things you need to do:
Download a bitcoin wallet Create a pool account Set up payment Set up workers.
Download a Bitcoin Wallet.
A wallet is a program that sits on your computer and gives you a wallet address , this is a unique string of numbers and letters that you will use to receive bitcoins. Download the client for your computer from https://bitcoin.org/en/download.
After installation, you will have to save a file called wallet.dat , keep this file safe, as this contains your unique wallet address within it, including all bitcoins that you will gain. If you lose this file, you cannot recover any bitcoins it contained.
Create a Pool Account.
Once you have a wallet address, create a pool account. A pool is a huge collection of other people working towards gaining bitcoins. Due to the complexity of mining a bitcoin, it has become unrealistic to solo mine-the act of processing millions of numbers to solve the block problem. Working as a group, or pool, lets everyone have a chance of earning some Bitcoin. There are many pools around, in this tutorial I'll be using one called Slush's pool: http://mining.bitcoin.cz/
Set Up Payment.
Once you have created a pool account, you'll need to enter your unique wallet address into the Bitcoin payout address.
Create Worker Account.
Next step is to create a worker login account. Within your pool account you have the ability to create something called a worker for each of your bitcoin miners, so you're able to monitor them all separately just in case one should fail.
Each worker has its own login name and password. Whilst you are on My Account click Register New Worker and give it a name, for example; worker, and a password .
Now you're ready to set your Raspberry Pi mining for Bitcoin.
Setting Up the Raspberry Pi.
Start with a fresh Raspbian install, if you don't know who to do this, read the tutorial How to Install NOOBS on a Raspberry Pi With a Mac .
If you plan on running more than one Bitcoin miner at the same time, it is best to use a powered USB hub. Take into account the power rating as mining will need a lot of power, as much as one mp per miner.
With your USB miner attached to your Raspberry Pi, let's get everything installed.
Installing Required libraries.
The miner to be installed comes as source files, which means that the program must be compiled into a binary before it can be run. To make a program, in this case BFGMiner, many dependencies are required.
Dependencies are additional software, or libraries the program needs in order to compile properly, as it has been developed using them to make the software more efficient.
Hopefully you will be seeing the Raspbian desktop, so double click on LXTerminal and type in the following:
This process will take a few minutes to complete.
Installing BFGMiner.
Once all the dependencies have been installed, now it is time to download and install BFGMiner, so type the following into LXTerminal. It's normal for these to take a few minutes to complete so some patience is needed.
You will be greeted with a screen that looks similar to the following:
Start Mining Bitcoin.
Now you're ready to start mining. To do this, providing you're using Slush's pool, you'll use the following command:
The username section is composed of two parts, the username that you use to login to the pool, and worker which is the worker name you gave when you registered the worker. Finally, the password that was set when you created the worker.
If everything works, you will see the main screen that will look similar to this:
That's a lot of numbers, so I'll make some of them a bit clearer.
Current mining speed , typically calculated in megahashes or gigahashes. The number of hashes a second that can be calculated the better. A hash is an algorithm of converting numbers and letters into an undecryptable set of characters. So a miner is used to process millions of numbers in an effort to match the hash to guess the original number. The more hashes that can be processed the faster it is able to solve the problem. Number of accepted shares . A share on a pool is to show the miner has successfully worked out a given problem, so the more shares you can process the better your reward from the pool. Detailed information on accepted shares and pool updates . This is a running log of what is currently happening with the miners and basic pool information, such as messages of updates and when new blocks are found.
More information can be found at the BFGminer github site.
Following these steps will leave you with a very energy efficient bitcoin miner, as a Raspberry Pi only uses four watts of power, and a miner is typically 2.5W. Mining used to be done with computers consuming over 700W for the same process so to make a jump in savings helps repay the cost of the hardware we are using.
All there is to do now is to sit back and watch the money slowly build up. Though it is important that you understand that Bitcoin value fluctuates wildly, it is extremely volatile, so invest at your own risk.
For more information there are a number of websites and forums available, such as https://bitcointalk.org/,to help get you started.
And if you're interested in getting more involved with developing for Bitcoin, check out the range of Bitcoin scripts and apps on Envato Market.

[Bitcoin]

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