Bitcoin mining.

[Bitcoin]

Buy Bitcoin mining Hardware.
Purchasing Bitcoins - In some cases, you may need to purchase mining hardware with bitcoins. You also may want to check the Bitcoin charts .
Bitcoin mining with anything less will consume more in electricity than you are likely to earn. It's essential to mine bitcoins with the best Bitcoin mining hardware built specifically for that purpose.
Disclosure: The Profit Details are the result of a chosen budget of $ 10,000.00 to purchase Bitcoin mining servers that are hashing 76 TH/s at a price of $ 25 per terahash. This assumes a total hashrate of 400.00 . The Profit Details also take in consideration the current network hash rate of 1.7596801059571E13 and current BTC/USD exchange rate of 1 BTC = $ 18,606.09 . These figures vary based on the total network hash rate and on the BTC to USD conversion rate. Block reward is fixed at 6.25 BTC. The Profit Details do not take into account any future changes in block rewards, hashrate and difficulty rate. All inputs in this calculator vary over time. The profit details is based on current values only and should be used as a guide only.
Distributed miner.
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A Bitcoin miner made from the pooled efforts of multiple computers, possibly without the computer user's knowledge.
Usually, the theory behind distributed miners consists of dividing work into workunits and sending them to various computers, who all report back with their work to be submitted en masse by a central processor. Alternatively, though, the computers can coordinate themselves to submit without any central puppetmaster.
Distributed Miners in the Wild.
Stealthcoin employs a method not unlike this, where unused computers act as bitcoin miners. It currently does not, however, coordinate between bots.
Bitp.it uses distributed mining through a small bit of javascript running on browsers viewing a website.
Bitcoin Plus allows the distributing of works amongst friends using their client, or through an embeddable website script.
Bitcoin mining revenue at pre-halving levels.
Total revenues from Bitcoin's mining have returned to levels prior to the May halving .
This has been revealed by Glassnode, which shows that in November total revenues returned to over $15 million a day , with peaks of 20 .
These levels had already materialized at the beginning of the year but then collapsed due to the sharp drop in the value of bitcoin following the collapse of the financial markets in mid-March.
During the days leading up to the halving of May 11th, revenues had returned to above $16 million per day, only to fall again due to both the halving itself and the fall in BTC's value.
The impact of the halving on Bitcoin's mining revenues.
In fact, halving has reduced by half the number of BTC created and distributed to those who succeed in mining a block from 12.5 to 6.25 BTC, and since the number of blocks mined daily has remained almost unchanged, inevitably there has been a drop in revenues for Bitcoin miners .
However, in addition to the rewards for mining a block, the miners also collect transaction fees, which constitute a minority percentage of revenue.
Since a block is mined every 10 minutes or so, a total of around 144 blocks are mined every day, giving a total of around 900 BTC to the miners .
In the last few days , the total fees collected daily by miners have not exceeded 100 BTC, equivalent to less than 10% of their revenue .
As a result, about 1,000 BTC a day have been collected by Bitcoin miners in recent days, and since the price is constantly rising above $15,000, the total dollar value distributed to miners each day is on average over $15 million .
It should be noted that until May 11th, every day 1,800 BTC were created as rewards to the miners, while the fees collected daily by the miners rarely exceeded 50 BTC. However, at a price of around $9,000, they were still unable to exceed $20 million in daily revenue.
In recent days, however, the price has almost doubled, offsetting the loss due to the halving of BTC distributed as rewards.
This explains why Bitcoin's hashrate has risen to pre-halving levels lately, and why mining profitability is also on the rise, albeit still lower than in February.
Playstation Bitcoin mining.
Bitcoin Apps.
Bitcoin is the pinnacle of mobile money. Therefore, it is not surprising to see that bitcoin apps are becoming increasingly popular. This is why we created this bitcoin app list. As programmers and companies move into the market to meet the growing demand, we will have the latest reviews and the best bitcoin apps listed right here for you . Our analysts will take them for a spin and give you all the insights into this incredible developing world. Just scroll down and start picking the ones that fit your needs, read the descriptions and follow our links to download.
Supercomputer Bitcoin mining.
US Government Bans Professor for Mining Bitcoin with A Supercomputer.
This article was written by Ruben Alexander and Brian Cohen.
The NSF or National Science Foundation Office of the Inspector General (OIG) just posted on their website their March 2014 Semiannual Report to Congress (PDF with metadata create date of 5/27). This report contains a write-up on an "Administrative Investigation" by the OIG entitled "Government-wide Suspension Recommended for Researcher Who Used NSF-Funded Supercomputers to Mine Bitcoins" (full extract at bottom).
The National Science Foundation according to its website is "an independent federal agency created by Congress in 1950 'to promote the progress of science; to advance the national health, prosperity, and welfare; to secure the national defense...'"
According to a "Special Report" from NSF, "From SuperComputing to the Terragrid" (Mirror) a 1982 report "Large Scale Computing in Science and Engineering" (PDF) by Peter D. Lax affectionately referred to as the "The Lax Report" (under the sponsorship of the Department of the Defense [DOD] and the National Science Foundation), "led to the emergence of significant new NSF support for high-end computing, which in turn led directly to Supercomputer Centers."
Recent supercomputing breakthroughs include "NSF-funded Superhero Supercomputer Helps Battle Autism." The computer referred to as 'Gordon' uses unique flash memory to assist in identifying gene-related paths to treating mental disorders according to the March 26, 2013 press release. NSF also supports the "Unique, High-Performance Supercomputer Center," the PRObE Center of Los Alamos, "the world's first supercomputing system for large-scale systems research" according to another press release from October 24th, 2012. The OIG report does not mention the supercomputer research facilities whose computer resources were misappropriated (nor the name of the professor who did the deed) and we have no reason to believe that either of these facilities were involved in the breach.
In fiscal year 2014, NSF's annual budget is $7.2 billion and the Foundation funds almost a quarter of all federally supported bASIC research conducted by America's colleges and universities.
Absurdness of Mining Bitcoin Right Now with a Supercomputer.
In December 2013, Nathaniel Popper of the New York Times interviewed Michael B. Taylor, a professor at the University of California, San Diego, UCSD Center for Dark Silicon for his article "Into the Bitcoin Mines." Professor Taylor explained that:
"Today, all of the machines dedicated to mining Bitcoin have a computing power about 4,500 times the capacity of the United States government's mightiest supercomputer, the IBM Sequoia. The computing capacity of the Bitcoin network has grown by around 30,000 percent since the beginning of the year."

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We caught up with Professor Taylor who provided an update on these metrics:
"Today, all of the machines dedicated to mining Bitcoin have a computing power about 58,600 times the capacity of the United States government's mightiest supercomputer, the IBM Sequoia... ...The computing capacity of the Bitcoin network has grown by around 1,300 percent since the beginning of the year."
Professor Taylor also happens to be a NSF funded researcher (of no relation to the professor who misappropriated the use of supercomputers to mine for bitcoin). His 2013 research paper "Bitcoin and The Age of Bespoke Silicon" was partially supported by NSF Awards.
Professor Taylor said that the "NSF is generally interested in the advancement of science, which includes cryptocurrencies and many other exciting developments in the scientific world."
Indeed, NSF funded (in part) well known research by Nicolas Christin of Carnegie Mellon INI/CyLab, "Traveling the Silk Road: A Measurement Analysis of a Large Anonymous Online Marketplace" (PDF), University of California and San Diego George Mason University researchers papers "A Fistful of Bitcoins: Characterizing Payments Among Men with No Names" (PDF) and "Botcoin: Monetizing Stolen Cycles" (Ref: "Using stolen computer processing cycles to mine Bitcoin") as well as research such as Doctoral Dissertation Research: Making Real Money: Local Currency and Social Economies in the United States" with a stipend of $5,227 which was awarded in 2005 and "NeTs: Small: Economic Incentives for P2P: Theory and Design" awarded in July 2010 with a total of $466,000 awarded towards NeTs to date (and expiring this August).
We asked Michael about the "futility" of mining bitcoin with a supercomputer and he told us that:
"In a day, Sequoia could mine about 40 dollars worth of bitcoin, but it consumes about the same amount of electricity as 4,000 homes: 8 megawatts. They would pay more money in electricity costs each day than they would earn."
Using a Supercomputer to mine for bitcoin is both appalling and shocking to common sense. That said, we are uncertain of the exact metrics to use to extrapolate the efficiencies (or lack of thereof) of mining for bitcoin during the period in question. However, that won't stop us from trying to second guess the scant data provided by the OIG report (FOIA request anyone?).
The only computers designed to efficiently mine for bitcoin are ASIC or Application-Specific Integrated Circuit "mining rigs" (a.k.a computers). One such rig produced by KnCMiner costs approximately $6,000 and "minimum 3000GH/s of hashing speed that 3TH." Eric Turner, founder of CoinChomp estimates that Neptune should consume 4,500 Watts. The current price tag for the IBM Sequoia supercomputer cost close $250 million dollars. To create its electricity, cost is estimated at $9 million a year or about $24,655 per day according to Steve Henn at NPR.
It is likely the $150,000 mentioned in the OIG report as "NSF-supported computer usage" was the electrical cost of mining on the supercomputer or potentially mining for 6 full days.
While mining on hardware designed for processing Bitcoin transactions is the most efficient way to mine Bitcoin, the supercomputer was most likely chosen for its availability and the electrical costs were not paid by the miner. The only steps necessary to mine Bitcoin are installing software designed to process SHA-256 hashes and configuring that software to mine on a specific mining pool.
There may have been additional measures taken to hide login access to the computer, but it would have been difficult to hide the supercomputer's power consumption while mining for Bitcoins.
History Repeats Itself.
This may or may not have been the first time a supercomputer was misused to mine for Cryptocurrency. Theodore R. Delwiche reported on February 20, 2014 in The Harvard Crimson that "Harvard Research Computing Resources Misused for 'Dogecoin' Mining Operation:"
"A member of the Harvard community was stripped of his or her access to the University's research computing facilities last week after setting up a "dogecoin" mining operation using a Harvard research network, according to an internal email circulated by Faculty of Arts and Sciences Research Computing officials."
One of the earliest references we could find for the misappropriation of computer time was an interesting case from 1967. According to Paul Andrews, in his 1994 biography "Gates: How Microsoft's Mogul Reinvented an Industry-and Made Himself the Richest Man in America," a "runty freckle-faced eighth grader" known by the name of Bill Gates punked C-Cubed computer company while learning the computer programming language BASIC. Gates and his fellow students had become "addicted to programming." Even though Gates received a 20 percent educational discount, computer "time sharing" costs became too costly. "Real people had to pay for computing time" but "Accessing the accounting files, where the passwords were stored, seemed like just another challenge...Bill Gates and his friend Paul Allen were clearly the ringleaders." Andrews wryly explains "The kids were testing the system, just doing a little digital shoplifting. What harm was there in appropriating unused computer time protected with only the flimsiest of barriers?"
While Bill, Paul and company were banned from the computers for the summer, it's not known if our present day Bitcoin pirate was technically "debarred" under the "Office of Federal Contract Compliance." The OIG has a section of the report which discusses "Total Accountability: Suspension, Debarment and Beyond" and mentions debarments in "Civil and Criminal Investigations" and "Research Misconduct Investigations." Our computing power thief is not one of them as this was listed as an "Administrative Investigation" none of which involved a debarment. According to the report, NSF "suspended" the researcher "government-wide." The suspension is assumed to be indefinite as there was no time-frame provided.
If he only used his brain, he would have never gotten into this mess!
Full Extract from the National Science Foundation Office of the Inspector General March 2014 Semi Annual Report to Congress:
Government-wide Suspension Recommended for Researcher Who Used NSF-Funded Supercomputers to Mine Bitcoins.

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We received reports describing a researcher's abuse of NSF-funded supercomputing resources at two universities to conduct Bitcoin mining activities. Bitcoin is a virtual currency that is independent of national currencies, but it can be converted into traditional currencies through exchange markets. It is generated or "mined" through a process that is by design computationally intensive.
The researcher misused over $150,000 in NSF-supported computer usage at two universities to generate bitcoins valued between $8,000 and $10,000. Both universities determined that this was an unauthorized use of their IT systems. The researcher asserted that he was conducting tests on the computers, but neither university had authorized him to conduct such tests -- both university reports noted that the researcher accessed the computer systems remotely and may have taken steps to conceal his activities, including accessing one supercomputer through a mirror site in Europe.
The researcher's access to all NSF-funded supercomputer resources was terminated. In response to our recommendation, NSF suspended the researcher government-wide.
What happens if a supercomputer is involved in Bitcoin mining?
If you know how Bitcoin mining works, you may wonder if it would be worthwhile using a supercomputer for it. Strange idea? The answer is no.
Supercomputer running Bitcoin mining?
Supercomputers have different demands than Bitcoin Miners, as they have to solve other tasks. For bitcoin miners, so-called ASIC chips, which have been optimized for hashing the SHA-256 algorithm, are used. If a supercomputer were to run Bitcoin mining now, not much would change at the hashrate. Also, the success of the supercomputer would be controversial, since it is highly inefficient compared to the ASICs. Probably so incompetent that the cost of running electricity is higher than the revenue it would generate. One estimate states that the 500 fastest supercomputers in the world can't afford the hashrates that the bitcoin network provides.
Bitcoin mining and The Key Factors.
As mentioned earlier, the Bitcoin mining needs notable computational capabilities to encrypt the hash. Many resolute mining equipment have been created out of GPUs, FPGAs (Field programmable gate array) and ASICs (application-specific integrated circuit). And you can speculate that some supercomputers are spending time on Bitcoin mining.
Supercomputers utilize a big arrangement of CPUs assigned to processing massive data units called vector processing, but they don't have much GPU power. It's much more passive than mining with new GPUs and ASICs that are Integrated Circuits particularly created for special use, rather than designed for general-purpose use.
Nowadays, Bitcoins mining is often achieved with ASICs chips. They are profoundly optimized for the single objective of solving computations needed in mining. The lack of versatility allows to immensely expand their efficiency over general-purpose machines. This has made Bitcoin hashrate network to develop about 20,000 times more since the initial Bitcoin ASICs have dispatched. This lack in adaptability allows to increase their efficiency over general-purpose hardware and has made the hashrate of the Bitcoin network (the total "mining power") to rise about 20,000x (twenty thousand fold) since the initial Bitcoin ASICs have dispatched. General-purpose chips are much less efficient at mining, and therefore don't stand a chance at competing.

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Bitcoin mining with a supercomputer in .
In the month of February, a couple of nuclear scientists were arrested in  who wanted to misuse a supercomputer for Bitcoin mining. When the scientists wanted to connect the supercomputer to the Internet, this was noticeable. The authorities reacted immediately and arrested scientists. The supercomputer has been used to perform physical calculations.
Future Of Bitcoin mining.
There are speculations that the future of Bitcoin is in danger because of quantum computers. A paper published in arxiv.org shows how quantum computer could ruin and damage Bitcoin's security protocol. The elliptic curve signature system employed by Bitcoin is at jeopardy and could be destroyed by quantum machine as early as 2027, by the most hopeful assessments.

[Bitcoin]

That string of supercomputer hacks last week? Of course it was a crypto-coin-mining get-rich-quick scheme.
Stuck for compute power to craft digital funbucks? Go where the big beasts slumber.
A British supercomputer hacked last week was among a group of big beasts targeted around the world to mine cryptocurrency, it has emerged.
The European Grid Infrastructure (EGI) team reported this week that, in addition to the hijacked user accounts on the ARCHER cluster at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, supercomputers in China, Europe, and North America were also broken into by miscreants bent on crafting Monero coins using whatever compute resources they could find.
The EGI also noted there were two waves of attacks on high-performance systems, one for mining coins and other for some as-yet unknown purpose, saying the separate intrusions "may or may not be correlated."
According to the supercomputing body's summary of events, hackers used stolen SSH credentials to access the supercomputers, then assigned nodes various roles: some mined the cryptocurrency, others acted as mining proxies, and Tor and SSH tunneling hosts.
The logins may have been stolen by replacing SSH executables with backdoored programs that siphoned off the credentials.
"The attackers use different techniques to hide the malicious activity, including a malicious Linux kernel module," the EGI security team noted in its advisory. "It is not fully understood how SSH credentials are stolen, although some (but not all) victims have discovered compromised SSH binaries.
"At least in one case, the malicious XMR activity is configured (CRON) to operate only during night times to avoid detection."
Egghead dragged over coals for mining Bitcoin on uni supercomputer.
Cado Security bods, meanwhile, dug into the cryptomining malware installed on the systems, and noted something interesting: it appears much of the malicious code was compiled on the infected machines - a sign of a slightly more sophisticated attacker in that a generic x86-64 binary was not deployed, and instead one built and potentially optimized for each infected super was used instead.
"Normally when investigating crypto-jacking attacks against servers, you will see the same piece of malware uploaded from a number of victims," the team noted. The pile of evidence linking the two separate sets of supercomputer intrusions has led the Cado eggheads to believe it was all the same operation.
We're told the criminals were logging into the machines from compromised networks at the University of Krakow, Poland; the Shanghai Jiaotong University, China; and the China Science and Technology Network. The fact that boffins give each other access to their supercomputers, to further scientific research, helps explain why the miscreants were able to move between supers and networks seemingly so easily.
In addition, computers at the University of Freiburg, Germany; the University of Toronto, Canada; the University of California, Los Angeles, USA; and Stony Brook University, New York, USA are suspected to have been compromised and roped into the operation.
This wouldn't be the first time a supercomputing beast has been hijacked to generate digital currency.
Back in 2014, a Harvard student was caught using a 14,000-core cluster at the uni to mine Dogecoin, and in 2018 two n scientists were collared after they crafted alt-coins on a supercomputer at one of the nation's nuclear weapons facilities.

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Bitcoin mining is a slightly misleading name. No one swings a pickaxe into rough stones in order to find additional bitcoins. Bitcoin mining actually means adding more bitcoins to the digital currency ECOSystem.
There will be a total of 21 million bitcoin in circulation by 2140.
So, how do new bitcoins come into existence? All the additional bitcoins have to be generated through a computational process called mining . You do it by letting your computer hardware calculate complex mathematical equations, which can be done at any given time of the day. Doing so enables you to become an integral part of the bitcoin network, not only by securing the network through your dedicated hardware, but also by generating more coins to put into circulation.
There are certain similarities to how other resources -- such as gold -- are mined: The available supply is slowly increased as more is being put into the mining process. That said, the way bitcoins are mined is by solving complex computational problems, which require more resources as time progresses.
To ensure that no more coins are generated every day than originally intended, the mining process is linked to a difficulty rating. This rating goes up as more computational power joins the bitcoin network, and decreases when there are fewer miners competing for network blocks.
By Dan Charbonneau on ALTCOIN MAGAZINE.
It's Good, Steady Work.
A digital currency like bitcoin needs machines to make it work, right? It does, a crap-ton of them. Who makes these machines? Who buys these machines? Who spends their money on electricity and infrastructure to run these machines? The answer is capitalists. There's money to be made in the manufacture and selling of a "bitcoin miner", which is simply a device that guesses numbers at a very fast rate. More on that in a bit. There's money to be made in selling them because there's money to be made in running them. Every 10 minutes a "block" is created and written to the "blockchain". A block is a listing of transactions summarized into one file, like your deposit at the bank. You give the bank an envelope (block) containing your multiple checks to deposit (transactions). That envelope gets added to your bank account as a deposit. The bank teller brings up your account, which is a ledger representing all the deposits and withdrawals you've made, and adds an entry (block) into your ledger (blockchain). Sometimes you'll hear bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies referred to as a DLT. That stands for Distributed Ledger Technology. So, instead of your ledger being stored at one bank, and you being the only one served by that ledger and you being the only one that can benefit from it, instead the ledger is stored "in the cloud" and everyone on the planet can potentially access it.
OK, slow down you say? The cloud? Well, not the Amazon or Microsoft cloud. We're talking about a cloud owned by nobody, and existing everywhere. It's decentralized, no single point of control, and distributed. The ledger is stored in its entirety on many many computers. With something this big, with nobody controlling or regulating it, the rules that it operates by must be complex, right? Not at all. You see, even though it's a digital form of money that is stored on computers and needs computing devices to be secured, the real security is based on humans, not machines.
The bitcoin blockchain is secured by a consensus protocol called proof of work. Consensus means we agree in some capacity. In the case of bitcoin, a transaction is either going to be legitimate or fraudulent. The people who make that decision are called miners. They make that decision by submitting the block and waiting..... Once more than 50% of the miners agree that the transaction is legit, it's confirmed, finalized and at that point becomes immutable. Once a transaction is written to the block, it can never be changed or deleted. Think of a block written to the blockchain as "yesterday". Once you're done with it, there's no going back and changing it.
OK, foggy understanding so far, right? Miners run machines, submit a file containing 10 minutes of transactions, and then wait for confirmation? Correct? Yes, but who gets to submit that file and WIFM (What's in it for me)? The file is submitted by one machine somewhere on the planet, and the lucky machine is paid bitcoin for their troubles. The amount of bitcoin paid every 10 minutes started at 50BTC, and every four years that number is cut in half. I started mining the month before the revenue/fee/block reward went from 50 to 25. Since then it's dropped again to 12.5 and in a little more than a year (bitcoinclock.com), it will halve again to 6.25. In addition to the block reward, which is the primary way the system introduces new currency into the network, and will continue to do so until there are 21 million bitcoin in circulation, there's also the transaction fees that are paid to the lucky miner once every 10 minutes. So the idea is that the miners can stay profitable (make more money in block rewards and transaction fees than they pay in electricity and infrastructure costs) as long as the usage of the system continues to grow. As the usage of the system grows, the demand for bitcoin grows. As the demand for bitcoin grows, supply and demand causes the US dollar value of bitcoin to grow. It's a combination of the transaction fees and the increase in value that keeps the miners profitable.
Super cool moment: The system is self-healing, self-balancing! Let's say that there are 1000 miners that are making a small profit and the next halving comes. Now with a smaller reward, let's say all miners are operating at a loss. The most inefficient of the miners start to turn their machines off (think anyone paying high electricity fees or living near the equator and paying high cooling bills). As a miner closes down operations, there are fewer people to share the same pie, which of course means everyone left gets a bigger piece of pie. Think of the guy who always makes that joke "you don't want any? OK, that just leaves more for me". Eventually, no matter what the market conditions are, the remaining miners are profitable and the system is healthy.
Alright, miners make money, are incented to keep the system running and healthy, what about that lucky miner? How is it chosen every 10 minutes? That's where the guessing game comes in. Each miner is relatively dumb/simple. All it really does is guess a really long number, and it makes those guesses many many times per second. Imagine someone somewhere holding a stink-ton of fingers behind their back and waiting to see who gets it right? If the number is guessed too quickly, the number gets bigger for the next time. If it takes the machines too long, the number gets smaller the next time. In the marketplace, this is called the difficulty and it's tracked over time along with the hash rate (number of guesses per second) to get an idea of how many miners are mining and whether or not a miner can be profitable given the current block reward and the cost he or she is paying for electricity and infrastructure.
Back to the story... Where does the security come from and why is it based on humans instead of machines? Well,
it's humans, not machines, that do bad things, machines just do what they're told. -- Me.
The proof of work can also be thought of as "skin in the game" or "money invested". The only way to cheat the system is to control more than 50% of the miners. The amount of money it would take to control that many machines, pay that much infrastructure and electricity, is astronomical. The security of the system comes down to a simple premise: a reasonable thief would not spend $500 to steal $100. So we aren't counting on our inherent goodness or honesty, we're counting on the fact that humans will generally act in their own self interest. It's not a moral judgement, just a pragmatic one.
Pretty exciting, so should I mine for bitcoin? Unfortunately, it's no longer profitable on a small scale. There are still thousands of miners mining so we don't need to worry about bitcoin becoming centralized or about any one miner controlling more than 50% of the hash rate. Miners today need the economies of scale to make a small profit. My mining business has 2000 machines running in a datacenter, and my percentage of the whole is teeny-tiny. We are currently making a very small profit.
Tomorrow I'm going to answer the question many of you are thinking...Aren't you a bad person for using all that electricity? (Hint: I'm not.)
How to Understand Bitcoin mining.
Episode 5 of the Go Full Crypto Podcast was all about the mining process. Bitcoin mining is one of those topics that you hear about at your dinner table, but not a lot of people actually understand it. Mining is the process in which more bitcoin are brought into circulation. Understanding Bitcoin mining is useful because you are able to compare it against the way that other money is brought into circulation. As we saw in the 2020 economic crisis, governments have opted to create/print the money. Go Full Crypto touches on why this is such a big deal, and what this means for the average citizen.
21 Million Bitcoin.
There are only 21 million bitcoin. Having a finite amount of something makes it rare. This 21 million number may never be changed. Unlike the government, where they can print more money if they need it, there will never be more than 21 million bitcoin. This is because bitcoin isn't run by any one government, business, or individual. There is no President, CEO, or Janitor of Bitcoin. The whole system is run by individuals, and businesses both big and small.

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info terbaru edccash - cara kerja edccash 2021|8:33

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How to mine Monero in Linux with you CPU!|4:19

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Inflation.
Inflation takes place when the money supply goes up. When this happens, your money becomes worth less. That is, you can buy less with it, because everything else gets more expensive. If you normally pay $1 for bananas at the store, inflation is when those same bananas cost you $2. The more inflation that happens, the more you pay for goods and services. But your paycheque doesn't typically rise with inflation. Instead, as things get more expensive, you get paid around the same amount. In extreme cases such as Lebanon, or Venezuela, inflation can get so bad that the economy crashes entirely. This is called hyperinflation.
The Antidote to Inflation.
The antidote to inflation is the ability to cap the amount of money that exists. The fact that there are only 21 million bitcoin, and no one can change this, means we finally have a money on this planet that cannot be tampered with by humans. For the first time in history, the people may voluntarily use a currency that no government can control, or bring into hyperinflation.
How Mining Regulates Supply.
In 2009, there were ZERO bitcoin. in circulation. Now there are approximately 18.5 million bitcoin, more that 88% of the total 21 million. The amount of bitcoin that comes into circulation every 10 minutes, decreases by half every 4 years.
2009: 50 Bitcoin Every 10 Minutes.
2012: 25 Bitcoin Every 10 Minutes.
2016: 12.5 Bitcoin Every 10 Minutes.
2020: 6.25 Bitcoin Every 10 Minutes.
The bitcoin releases more bitcoin into circulation every 10 minutes. In 2009, fifty new bitcoin would come into circulation every 10 minutes. Every four years, the number of bitcoin coming into the system decreases by half. So less and less bitcoin gets brought into circulation as time goes on.
We can Predict the Money Supply.
The best part about the mining process is that we are able to predict the bitcoin supply with certainty . The supply of government money is not dictated by math and computers, it is dictated by humans. We know approximately how much bitcoin will enter the system in a given day, week, month, and year. This is very useful because when the money supply fluctuates drastically, it can have very negative consequences for regular individuals. Now we have a system where we can predict with certainty what the supply of money will be, and when.
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Understanding Bitcoin mining and How It Works!
Contents of Post.
With the cryptocurrency fever catching on, there's also a sharp increase in mining activity around the world. Bitcoin mining, in the simplest of words, is the process by which new Bitcoins are generated. However, there's more to mining than what this statement expresses. Let us take a look at the process of mining, how it works, as well as the impact of Bitcoin mining on the environment.
To understand Bitcoin mining, let us first understand that currencies such as Bitcoin are often called ' Digital Gold '. Bitcoins are finite in number. Only 21 Million Bitcoins can ever exist. Out of these 21 Million, 16.8 Million of them have been 'mined'. Bitcoins are similar to gold because gold too, is finite in quantity, and has to be mined. Interestingly, the word 'mining' was never referred in the early days of Bitcoins. Mining came around with the rise of various forums and communities - and became a word that caught on.
In simple words, Mining is the process of generating new Bitcoins by using computational power to solve complex mathematical equations. It is by solving these equations and algorithms that new cryptocurrencies are generated. After successfully solving these complex equation, miners are given a 'reward' for their effort - as mining activities tend to consume a lot of electricity and mining equipment can be quite expensive. This reward, at the moment is 12.5 Bitcoins per block solved.
Each of these blocks that need to be solved contain transaction data that is encrypted with cryptographic hash functions. Multiple miners tend to compete for solving each block. However, the reward goes to the miner or the set of miners who work together to solve the block the fastest. The reward per block gets reduced every four years (or every 210,000 blocks). It is expected that the reward will be halved to 6.25 Bitcoins per block on 31st May, 2020.
In the past, you could have mined Bitcoins using your CPU. However, with time GPUs became the norm. GPUs too, are now outdated for Bitcoin mining. The latest hardware that can be used for Mining Bitcoins are the ASIC devices. These devices tend to consume a lot of power but offer a much better and faster return when compared to GPUs. ASIC devices also generate a lot of heat and need to be kept cool. This is why Bitcoin mining is thriving in Canada and Iceland - nations which have a cold climate round the year! Cryptocurrencies such as Ethereum use a different mining protocol which does not allow the use of ASIC devices at all.
Mining is bASICally the process of bringing computers to a consensus. When multiple miners verify that the transaction is legit, it is only then that the transaction is approved on the Bitcoin blockchain - making the transfer successful. There are a number of mining algorithms.
A single ASIC device will take a long time to mine for Bitcoins. Hence, a number of miners usually come together and join cryptocurrency mining pools where they pool-in their resources and mine together. The rewards are then shared between each miner based on their contribution to the mining process.
The profitability of mining operations tends to increase or decreased based on the current Bitcoin prices. Given the mercurial nature of Bitcoin prices, it can never be stated for sure about how much return are you likely to get. However, using tools such as BTC mining calculators , it is possible to determine the profitability of mining operations.
There are two kinds of costs associated with Bitcoin mining operations.
A fixed cost - which is a one-time investment of buying the ASIC miners and wiring it up.
The second type of cost associated with Bitcoin mining is a variable cost. Electricity costs, which includes the cost incurred by the electricity consumed by the ASIC device, as well as the cost of keeping the equipment cool is a major, monthly expense.
However, given the fact that cryptocurrency prices tend to rise suddenly, Bitcoin mining has been a very profitable operation so far. Profitability of the operations depends upon the price of electricity in the country the mining operation is being carried out. Mining for cryptocurrencies in countries such as Algeria and Venezuela is significantly lower because of their cheap electricity prices.
Cryptocurrency mining , however, has a negative impact on the environment. While mining does generate money for the miners, it is damaging to the environment because of the amount of energy it consumes. Estimates indicate that by 2020, mining operations around the world will consume as much electricity as the entire planet does in a year! There is a strong need for environment friendly mining algorithms. However, mining continues to thrive despite the environmental risks.
Author Bio: Prince Kapoor is Independent Marketing Analyst and Blogger. While not working, you can find him in gym or giving random health advises to his colleagues which no one agrees on . If you too want some of his advises (on health or on marketing), reach him out at @imprincekapur.
Bitcoin Server Mining for PC.
About Bitcoin Server Mining For PC.
Download Bitcoin Server Mining PC for free at BrowserCam. Loomoon published the Bitcoin Server Mining App for Android operating system mobile devices, but it is possible to download and install Bitcoin Server Mining for PC or Computer with operating systems such as Windows 7, 8, 8.1, 10 and Mac.
Let's find out the prerequisites to install Bitcoin Server Mining on Windows PC or MAC computer without much delay.
Select an Android emulator: &nbsp There are many free and paid Android emulators available for PC and MAC, few of the popular ones are Bluestacks, Andy OS, Nox, MeMu and there are more you can find from Google.
Compatibility: &nbsp Before downloading them take a look at the minimum system requirements to install the emulator on your PC.
For example, &nbsp BlueStacks requires OS: Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista SP2, Windows XP SP3 (32-bit only), Mac OS Sierra(10.12), High Sierra (10.13) and Mojave(10.14), 2-4GB of RAM, 4GB of disk space for storing Android apps/games, updated graphics drivers.

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Finally, download and install the emulator which will work well with your PC's hardware/software.
How to Download and Install Bitcoin Server Mining for PC or MAC:
Open the emulator software from the start menu or desktop shortcut in your PC. Associate or set up your Google account with the emulator. You can either install the App from Google PlayStore inside the emulator or download Bitcoin Server Mining APK&nbspfile from the below link from our site and open the APK file with the emulator or drag the file into the emulator window to install Bitcoin Server Mining App for pc.
You can follow above instructions to install Bitcoin Server Mining for pc with any of the Android emulators out there.
What Version of ccMiner to Use for Your Nvidia GeForce GPU.
It seems that some people are having trouble figuring out which version of ccMiner they should you for mining on their Nvidia-based GPU. Below is a list of all of the Nvidia-based video cards and their Compute capabilities to help you figure it out depending on what video card you are using. Do note that the list does not include only the consumer Geforce series, but also Quadro and Tesla. You will find the cards that have at least Compute 2.0 capabilities as there is no way to currently make use of an older GPU than a one capable of supporting Compute 2.0 for mining with ccMiner. Furthermore you need to use a special build of ccMiner that comes with support for Compute 2.0 and 2.1 cards as the latest official builds only support Compute 3.0 or newer GPUs. Below the list of cards and their Compute capabilities you can find links for the respective versions of ccMiner to use...
Compute 2.0 video cards (Fermi - GF100, GF110): GeForce GTX 590, GeForce GTX 580, GeForce GTX 570, GeForce GTX 480, GeForce GTX 470, GeForce GTX 465, GeForce GTX 480M, Quadro 6000, Quadro 5000, Quadro 4000, Quadro 4000 for Mac, Quadro Plex 7000, Quadro 5010M, Quadro 5000M, Tesla C2075, Tesla C2050/C2070, Tesla M2050/M2070/M2075/M2090.
Compute 2.1 video cards (Fermi - GF104, GF106 GF108,GF114, GF116, GF119): GeForce GTX 560 Ti, GeForce GTX 550 Ti, GeForce GTX 460, GeForce GTS 450, GeForce GTS 450, GeForce GT 640 (GDDR3), GeForce GT 630, GeForce GT 620, GeForce GT 610, GeForce GT 520, GeForce GT 440, GeForce GT 440, GeForce GT 430, GeForce GT 430, GeForce GTX 675M, GeForce GTX 670M, GeForce GT 635M, GeForce GT 630M, GeForce GT 625M, GeForce GT 720M, GeForce GT 620M, GeForce 710M, GeForce 610M, GeForce GTX 580M, GeForce GTX 570M, GeForce GTX 560M, GeForce GT 555M, GeForce GT 550M, GeForce GT 540M, GeForce GT 525M, GeForce GT 520MX, GeForce GT 520M, GeForce GTX 485M, GeForce GTX 470M, GeForce GTX 460M, GeForce GT 445M, GeForce GT 435M, GeForce GT 420M, GeForce GT 415M, GeForce 710M, GeForce 410M, Quadro 2000, Quadro 2000D, Quadro 600, Quadro 410, Quadro 4000M, Quadro 3000M, Quadro 2000M, Quadro 1000M, NVS 5400M, NVS 5200M, NVS 4200M.
Compute 3.0 video cards (Kepler - GK104, GK106, GK107): GeForce GTX 770, GeForce GTX 760, GeForce GT 740, GeForce GTX 690, GeForce GTX 680, GeForce GTX 670, GeForce GTX 660 Ti, GeForce GTX 660, GeForce GTX 650 Ti BOOST, GeForce GTX 650 Ti, GeForce GTX 650, GeForce GTX 780M, GeForce GTX 770M, GeForce GTX 765M, GeForce GTX 760M, GeForce GTX 680MX, GeForce GTX 680M, GeForce GTX 675MX, GeForce GTX 670MX, GeForce GTX 660M, GeForce GT 750M, GeForce GT 650M, GeForce GT 745M, GeForce GT 645M, GeForce GT 740M, GeForce GT 730M, GeForce GT 640M, GeForce GT 640M LE, GeForce GT 735M, GeForce GT 730M, Quadro K5000, Quadro K4000, Quadro K2000, Quadro K2000D, Quadro K600, Quadro K500M, Tesla K10.
Compute 3.5 video cards (Kepler - GK110, GK208): GeForce GTX TITAN Z, GeForce GTX TITAN Black, GeForce GTX TITAN, GeForce GTX 780 Ti, GeForce GTX 780, GeForce GT 640 (GDDR5), GeForce GT 630 v2, Quadro K6000, Tesla K40, Tesla K20x, Tesla K20.
Compute 5.0 video cards (Maxwell - GM107, GM108): GeForce GTX 750 Ti, GeForce GTX 750, GeForce GTX 860M, GeForce GTX 850M, GeForce 845M, GeForce 840M, GeForce 830M.
GeForce GTX 780 Ti: Nvidia strikes back, retaking the performance crown from AMD.
GPU performance.
At $700, there's a huge spread between the just-launched R9 290 ($400), GTX 780 ($500), R9 290X ($550), GTX 780 Ti ($700) and Radeon 7990 ($700). We tested the card on an Intel DZ77GA-70K motherboard with an Intel 3770K CPU and 8GB of DDR3-1600. Windows 7 64-bit with SP1 and all available patches was used. All games at 1920×1080, with maximum detail levels set and 8xMSAA enabled.
In BioShock Infinite, the GTX 780 Ti is the fastest card we tested, streaking past all of the other solutions -- even the dual-GPU Radeon 7990.
In Metro 2033, an older DX11 game, the GTX 780 Ti nudges past even the R9 290X. While the Radeon HD 7990 is still faster (and by a huge margin), it stutters in Metro 2033 when running in Windows 7. This appears to be a problem particular to the operating system -- when we ran these same tests in Windows 8.1, there is no stutter. If you're running in Windows 8, therefore, it's fair to say that the Radeon 7990 gives the better, smoother experience -- but in Windows 7, which is what we tested here, the GTX 780 Ti provides lower frame latencies.
In the newer sequel to Metro 2033, Metro Last Light, the GTX 780 Ti beats past the Radeon family, nearly tying the Radeon HD 7990. Supersampled antialiasing was enabled here (the game doesn't use MSAA). We talked previously about how fill rate is king for 4K gaming, but in lower resolutions, the GTX 780 Ti is beating past the Radeon R9 290X -- though not by enormous frame rates.
Finally, in Shogun 2 Total war, we see the GTX 780 Ti land ahead of all but the Radeon 7990. Again, the 7990 does perform well in this title, but if you prefer single-GPU to multi-GPU solutions -- and many people do, for ease of use, if nothing else -- then the GTX 780 Ti is the fastest card you can buy today, bar none.
In Luxmark 2.0, we see the Radeon family continuing to dominate the GPGPU market. The GTX 780 Ti picks up a decent bit of speed over the Titan or GTX 780, but Nvidia's $700 GPU can't match AMD's $300 GPU.
Bitcoin mining shows the same pattern we've seen in the past. Even at its best, the GTX 780 Ti simply can't offer performance that touches the GCN family. Then again, with BTC mining largely being done by ASICs these days, it's not much of an issue anyway.

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780 ti Bitcoin mining.
After purchasing a Mining key, you must log in with it and access our mining engine. After the process is finished, the profit will be automatically sent to your Bitcoin address that you entered when you purchased your Mining key.
How much can I earn with a single Mining key?
Depending on the difficulty of mining the block and the value to be deciphered, your profit may change, however, on average our users with the key of the Silver plan, with 3 uses in a day, have been able to generate between 0.15 BTC and 0.32 BTC, which is profitable if you compare it with the investment of the Mining key.
Do you offer money back?
In case you are not satisfied with our service, without any problem we will return your deposit for the purchase of a Mining key.

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Nvidia Announces GTX 780 Ti 12GB Graphics Card.
AMD have had a great show this last few weeks, but Nvidia wasn't about to take AMDs new card launches without a fight! So enter to the gaming battlefield, the newly announced GTX 780 Ti.
The GTX 780 Ti is based on the GK110 GPU core and has been widely speculated to be a 770 Ti, but no, Nvidia have gone one better and done the 780 Ti and it's a beast! Packed with all the latest features to excite your inner gamer, we have Nvidia G-Sync, Nvidia GameWork, Nvidia ShadowPlay and GameStream.
Nvidia say their new card is built for 4K and 4K surround and while we don't have raw hardware details at this time, it is expected to pack 2880 Cuda cores, 384-bit memory interface and up to 12GB of GDDR5 memory. It looks pretty much the same as a Titan or stock 780, even featuring the same 6+8 pin power connectors.
We expect the card to cost around $700 and Nvidia say the card could be out as soon as next month! As always, we will bring you more details on this new GPU as soon as we have them.
Thank you Hardware Pal for providing us with this information.
Images courtesy of Hardware Pal.
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Bitcoins: the Complete Guide.
Introduction: Bitcoins: the Complete Guide.
In this tutorial, we will cover everything you need to know about bitcoins.
The tutorial starts off with the bASICs of installing the computer software to make bitcoins work, but moves into the more advanced parts very quickly. After reading this Instructable, you will have learned all the bASICs for starting your work with bitcoins. Whether you know what bitcoins are, or if you're just here to start making free money by doing almost nothing, you've come to the right place.
Read on to learn what bitcoins are, and how they can be used in a everyday computer-person life.
Step 1: Understanding Bitcoins.
After reading many, many different articles all over the internet, I still didn't have a good idea of what bitcoins were, how they could be made, and if it was possible for the average person to use them. The first few things I read, they were made out to sound like you had to have a computer science degree to get them.
However, after reading on about them, I learned that they are a type of currency that is 100% virtual. There is no government that regulates the currency, like almost every other single currency in the world. Instead, it is all virtual. The bitcoins that you own are stored on your computer. You can sell these bitcoins for real US or Canadian dollars.
Below is a YouTube video explaining the whole concept of bitcoins. While good for visual learners, some like to read to learn.
Bitcoins are a virtual currency. The currency is stored locally between peers. The currency (bitcoins) is transferred from computer to computer. Every transaction (transfer of bitcoins from one computer to another) is verified by "mining" for bitcoins.
When first learning about bitcoins, you learn that bitcoins are stored directly on your computer. So, does that mean that by doing a bit of computer hacking you can give yourself thousands of dollars worth of bitcoins? The answer to this is NO! The system is worked out so well that hackers cannot do this. The reason is because for bitcoins to be transferred from computer to computer, the transaction has to be verified. This verification is done by "mining." Mining is a process where everyday people like you and I install some software onto their computer This software is very advanced and hard to understand, but bASICally it does some high-level computing (SHA256 decoding) to verify transfers of bitcoins.
The next question that often comes up is: Why would anyone want to just give up their computer to help decode these encryption things? Well, the answer is that you get paid to do it. Well, you don't get paid, but you get free bitcoins for letting your computer work for you. This is almost the same as being paid, as you will learn in later steps. This is the ONLY way that new bitcoins are created. They can't just come from nowhere, making the system hacker-proof.
Mining can be very simple, but it can also be very complicated. By following this Instructable, you will learn one of the easiest ways to mine bitcoins and gain money.
For more information, check out the Wikipedia Article, as well as the Official Bitcoin Website.
Step 2: Setting Up a Wallet.
This step walks you through the process of installing the "Wallet" software. This software functions as a real wallet: it stores all of your currency, which in this case are bitcoins.
The first part of this step is to download the software. Go to the Official Bitcoin Website. In a box at the top of the page, click the software version that applies to your given OS. The steps are the same for both Mac and Windows users, other than installing different software. Open the file and follow onscreen instructions.
When it is done, open up the software from the Start Menu. It will take a few hours to download all blocks to your computer. You must just sit and wait during this time (see pictures).
When it is done downloading the blocks (don't worry about what this means; it's not important), go over to the "Receive coins" tab up at the top. Right-click on the one existing list item, and click "Edit". Give it the label "Main" and hit OK. Right-click on it again and click "Copy Address". This is the unique address that your wallet was given. It is where you receive coins in later steps.
The next step tests out your bitcoin wallet and shows you what a transaction looks like.
Step 3: Test Your New Bitcoin Wallet.
This step is for testing purposes only. Go to Daily Bitcoins (www.dailybitcoins.org). Near the middle of the page, paste your bitcoin address that you copied earlier. Uncheck the "Delay payment to minimize transaction fees" check box. It is to trick people. Enter the captcha (they are very simple ones on this website), and click Send. It will tell you that it was successful. If it didn't, reenter the captcha properly.
Wait ten minutes and then open up the Bitcoin Wallet software again. Go to the "Transactions" tab up at the top. In the list, it should have a single transaction of 0.00001 bitcoins (approx. This value goes up and down). You now have gained a small amount of bitcoins. The general conversion of bitcoins to USD is times 10, meaning that one bitcoins is ten US dollars (easy for mental math; this number varies greatly over time). Congrats! You just made one tenth of a cent!
This is a valid way to gain money. However, you can only get coins sent once every hour, so it is very slow. You won't make any money fast with this method.
Step 4: Understanding the Types of Mining.
Now that we understand what bitcoins are, have a wallet set up to store them, and have made a small amount of bitcoins to test our wallet, we're set to start making some real amounts of bitcoins.
The way we do this is by mining for them. Mining, as stated before, is a way of verifying bitcoin transactions made by other people in return for new bitcoins (given right to your wallet).
There are two main types of mining: solo and pool. Solo mining is done on your own. With the hardware of an everyday person, it would take years to get earn acutal bitcoins. But once you succeed, you get 50 bitcoins (worth about 500 US dollars). This takes too long, so in this Instructable, we are not going to cover this method.
The method we are going to use is called pool mining. It involves signing up for an account with any one of many different companies. Using their own software and hardware, they group together the mining efforts of lots of people's computers. Every person gets a small number of bitcoins (quite often decimals of a bitcoin). As a person with a modest computer, this is the only way to go.

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HiveOs: full how to in 5 min (Mining Operating System for GPU Rigs) Install Setup cryptomining|4:21

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Step 5: Setting Up a Mining Account.
After trying a few different mining pools, the one that I really liked was BitMinter. It is, by far, the easiest to use. It comes with its own software, making things so much easier. Below are the few parts that involve the creation and setup of your account.
1) Open up a web browser and navigate to the BitMinter log in (https://bitminter.com/login). 2) Choose your account you'd like to link with BitMinter. Log in with this account. BitMinter uses a log in service called OpenID, which is a futuristic way of logging in with an already-existing account to eliminate the need to remember yet another password. 3) Set the main settings as according to the picture: - Set your email address. - Set your auto cash out threshold to a reasonable amount. Mine is set to 1 BTC (approx. $10). This means that when I mine 1 BTC, I will receive it into my bitcoin wallet, just like the test, but with a higher number of bitcoins. - Set your "Pay to address" to the address that we used in the Step 3 to test the wallet. This is the address that all of your bitcoins are sent to, in case you haven't figured that out yet.
Step 6: Setting Up the Workers.
Each computer needs its own worker to connect to on the BitMinter server. The software (in the next step) on each computer will each be set up to a different worker so that the BitMinter server doesn't have trouble transmitting and receiving mining work.
While still logged into the BitMinter website, hover over "My Account" at the top of the page. Then click on "Workers".
Near the bottom of the page, there are two fields under the "Name" and "Password" headers. Give your new worker a name like "Laptop", or "New Dell". Create a short password. Remember the password for the worker. Then click "Add".
Click "Home" in the navigation bar at the top of the page.
Step 7: Install Java.
Most people already have Java installed, but if you don't, follow this step.
1) Go to www.java.com/download. 2) Click "Free Java Download". 3) Click "Agree and Start Free Download". 4) Depending on your opperating system, a different version of the file will download. 5) Follow the onscreen instructions to continue installing the software. 6) Click finish and be done installing. Continue on to the next step to set up a miner.
Step 8: Set Up a Miner.
Go back to the BitMinter homepage. Click on the "Engine Start" button. This will download a Java Web Starter, which will download the actual program and install it.
Use this file to start the program in the future. When it starts, you will see a program that looks like the first picture.
Set up the software by linking it to your worker created in Step 7. "Click Settings" > "Account. ". Beside "User Name:" use the username you created when creating the BitMinter account. Beside "Worker Name:" and "Worker Password:" enter the worker name and worker password you created in Step 6.
If the window is small, click the button in the bottom right corner of the screen. Then click the "Engine Start" button beside each of the devices you want to use. For reference, I get about 65 Mhps (million hashes per second). 1000 Khps = 1 Mhps. Test all of your devices, but you should really only bother running devices that get you 25 Mhps or above.
You will also want to change a few settings regarding automation. I leave my computer on all day and all night. I normally turn off the mining as soon as I get home from work (around 6:00) and have the miner start on its own at night incase I forget to start it when I'm done with my computer.
Go to Settings > Options to change these settings. Look at the fourth picture to set it up like how I have it set up. The picture has expainations.
Automated devices are a list of devices that you set so that you can start them on their own automatically when the software starts. I have selected one of my devices as automated so that when the software starts, only that device starts. See fourth picture for more details.
Step 9: Mine!
Let your computer run while it mines! Running it at night is a good idea as it will double the amount of money you make. Good luck making money!
Step 10: Spend Your Bitcoins.
What good is a currency if you can't spend it? The answer is it's not. There are lots of things you can do. Below is a list:
- Gamble - SatoshiDice - Bitzino - Peerbet - RoyalBitcoin - And many more - Buy various merchandise - Some online vendors are starting to accept bitcoins as a way of purchasing items - Buy Coffee (http://bitcoincoffee.com/) - Trade it for PayPal money - Mt. Gox Bitcoin Exchange.
The last one I want to talk about it Mt. Gox. It is the most common website used to trade (buy or sell) bitcoins for dollars or any other national currency. You can receive this money through PayPal or many other online currency transfer services. I am not going to go through the details of this, but to send bitcoins to anyone or any service, follow the instructions in the next step.
Step 11: Send Bitcoins to Someone.
To use bitcoins, you must send bitcoins to another address. To send bitcoins, the service will give you a specific address to send bitcoins to.
Copy this address. Open up your bitcoin wallet. Click on the "Send coins" tab.
Enter the address you want to send the coins to in the "Pay to" field. If you are going to send coins to this person or group multiple times, you can enter a label for this person so that you can find them in your address book again. Enter the amount in the next field (for easy math, remember that 1 BTC is $10). Click send when you are done.
If you just want to practice sending bitcoins to someone, you can test sending them to me. Just send 0.01 BTC to me (approx. 10 cents). Good luck!
Step 12: Done!
And that is just about all the bASIC information about bitcoins. If you have any questions, or there is something really obvious and important that I had missed, drop me a comment. I'll try to respond as quickly as possible. If you want to donate, send me a bitcoin or two at 16bVf7XX3dKN2zW6ut8FRSQaGZZBHAFYZt. Any donations, no matter how big or small, will be appreciated.
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[Bitcoin]

Qu'est-ce que c'est le minage de bitcoin?
Avant d'aller plus loin, vous devez savoir que la plupart des utilisateurs du bitcoin ne font pas de minage ! Le minage de bitcoin est une forme de commerce très compétitif. À moins que vous fassiez du minage uniquement pour le plaisir, vous devez trouver le moyen de le faire de façon très efficace afin de vous permettre de générer des profits..
Si vous voulez obtenir des bitcoins sur la base d'une puissance de calcul précise mais que vous ne voulez pas vous occuper d'acquérir le matériel vous-même, vous pouvez acheter un contrat de minage.
Détails techniques.
Durant le minage, votre ordinateur effectue des hashs cryptographiques (deux SHA256 successifs) sur ce qu'on appelle une entête de bloc . Pour chaque nouveau hash, le logiciel de minage utilise un nombre aléatoire différent qu'on appelle le nonce . Selon le contenu du bloc et la valeur du nonce, le hash produit aura une forme similaire à l'exemple suivant:
Ce hash peut être converti dans un très long nombre. (Il s'agit d'un nombre hexadécimal, ce qui signifie que les lettres A-F sont les nombres 10-15). Afin de rendre le minage difficile, il y a ce qu'on appelle la difficulté cible . Afin de créer un bloc valide, un mineur doit trouver un hash qui est inférieur à la difficulté cible. Par exemple, si la difficulté est de.
n'importe quel nombre qui débute par un zéro serait accepté et considéré comme inférieur à la cible. Exemple :
Si nous diminuons la cible à.
nous avons maintenant besoin d'un nombre débutant par deux zéros :
Parce que la cible est un nombre encombrant avec beaucoup de chiffres, un nombre plus simple est généralement utilisé pour exprimer la cible actuelle. Ce nombre est appelé la difficulté de minage . La difficulté de minage se calcule en comparant à quel point il est difficile de générer un bloc comparativement au premier bloc créé. Ce qui signifie qu'une difficulté de 70000 équivaut à 70000 fois plus d'efforts qu'il en fallait pour Satoshi Nakamoto pour générer le premier bloc. A l'époque où le minage était beaucoup plus lent et mal optimisé.
La difficulté change à chaque 2016 blocs. Le réseau essaie d'assigner la difficulté de telle sorte à ce que la puissance de calcul mondiale prenne exactement 14 jours pour générer 2016 blocs. C'est pourquoi la difficulté augmente de pair avec la puissance du réseau.
Matériel.
Au commencement, faire du minage avec un processeur (CPU) était la seule façon de miner des bitcoins. Les cartes graphiques (GPU) ont éventuellement remplacés les CPU en raison de leurs nature qui permettait une augmentation entre 50x à 100x dans la puissance de calcul en utilisant moins d'électricité par megahash comparativement à un CPU.
Bien que n'importe quel GPU moderne puisse être utilisé pour faire du minage, l'architecture des GPU de marque AMD s'est avérée bien supérieure à nVidia pour miner des bitcoins et la carte ATI Radeon HD 5870 a été la plus économique pendant un temps.
Pour une liste plus complète des cartes graphiques et de leurs performances, consultez le Wiki Bitcoin: Comparaison du matériel de minage.
De la même manière que la transition CPU vers GPU, le monde du minage a évolué vers l'usage des Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) comme plateforme de minage. Bien que les FPGAs n'offraient pas une augmentation de 50x à 100x de vitesse de calcul comme la transition de CPU à GPU, ils offraient une meilleure efficacité énergétique.
Une carte graphique typique de 600 MH/s consomme environ 400w d'électricité, tandis qu'un appareil FPGA habituel peut offrir un taux de hash de 826 MH/s à 80w de consommation électrique, un gain de 5x plus de calculs pour la même puissance énergétique. Puisque l'efficacité énergétique est un facteur déterminant dans la profitabilité du minage, il s'agissait d'une étape importante pour la migration de GPU à FPGA pour plusieurs personnes.
Le monde du minage de bitcoin est maintenant en migration vers les Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Un ASIC est une puce conçue spécifiquement afin d'accomplir une seule et unique tâche. Contrairement aux FPGAs, un ASIC ne peut pas être reprogrammé pour effectuer d'autres tâches. Un ASIC conçu pour miner des bitcoins ne peut et ne pourra rien faire d'autre que de miner des bitcoins.
La rigidité d'un ASIC lui permet d'offrir une augmentation de la puissance de calcul de 100x tout en réduisant la consommation électrique comparativement à toutes les autres technologies. Par exemple, un appareil classique de offre 60 GH/s (1 Gigahash équivaut à 1000 Megahash. 1GH/s = 1000 Mh/s) tout en consommant 60w d'électricité. Comparativement au GPU, il s'agit d'une augmentation de la puissance de calcul de 100x et d'une réduction de la consommation électrique d'un facteur de 7.
Contrairement aux générations de technologies qui ont précédées l'ASIC, l'ASIC est la "fin de la ligne" lorsqu'on parle de changement de technologie important. Les CPUs ont été remplacés par les GPUs, eux-même remplacés ensuite par les FPGAs qui ont été remplacés par les ASICs.
Il n'y a rien qui puisse remplacer les ASICs aujourd'hui ou dans un futur immédiat. Il y aura des raffinements technologiques dans les produits ASIC et des améliorations dans l'efficacité énergétique mais rien qui ne corresponde à une augmentation de 50x à 100x de la puissance de calcul ni une réduction de 7x dans la consommation électrique comparativement à la technologie précédente.
Ce qui signifie que l'efficacité énergétique d'un appareil ASIC est le seul facteur important de tout produit ASIC, puisque la durée de vie estimée d'un appareil ASIC est supérieure à l'histoire entière du minage de bitcoin. Il est concevable qu'un appareil ASIC acheté aujourd'hui soit toujours en opération dans deux ans si l'appareil offre encore une consommation électrique suffisamment économique pour demeurer profitable. La profitabilité du minage est aussi déterminée par la valeur du bitcoin mais dans tous les cas, plus un appareil a une bonne efficacité énergétique, plus il est profitable.
Logiciel.
Il y a deux manières de faire du minage : par vous-même ou en faisant partie d'une équipe (un pool). Si vous faites du minage par vous-même, vous devez installer le logiciel Bitcoin et le configurer pour JSON-RPC (voir: Faire fonctionner Bitcoin). L'autre option est de rejoindre un pool. Il y a plusieurs pools disponibles. Avec un pool, le profit généré par n'importe quel bloc généré par un membre de l'équipe est divisé entre tous les membres de l'équipe. L'avantage de rejoindre une équipe est d'augmenter la fréquence et la stabilité des gains (c'est ce qu'on appelle réduire la variance) mais les gains seront inférieurs. Au final, vous gagnerez la même somme avec les deux approches. Miner en solo vous permet de toucher des gains énorme mais très peu fréquents, tandis que miner avec un pool peut vous offrir de petits gains stables et réguliers.
Une fois que vous avez votre logiciel configuré ou que vous avez rejoint un pool, la prochaine étape est de configurer le logiciel de minage. Le logiciel le plus populare pour GPU/FPGA/ASIC est présentement CGminer ou un dérivé conçu spécifiquement pour les FPGA et les ASICs, BFGMiner.
Si vous voulez un aperçu rapide du minage sans installer de logiciel, essayez Bitcoin Plus, un mineur de Bitcoin fonctionnant dans votre navigateur avec votre CPU. Ce n'est aucunement profitable pour faire du minage sérieux, mais il s'agit d'une bonne démonstration du principe du minage en équipe.
Merci à:
Blitzboom et les participants sur #bitcoin-dev pour leur aide dans la rédaction de ce guide!
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La minería de Bitcoin: ¿Qué es y en qué consiste?
La minería de criptomonedas, particularmente la de Bitcoin, se trata básicamente de utilizar poder de cómputo para procesar bloques de transacciones, el cual es recompensado con una determinada cantidad de monedas digitales.
Este es la respuesta básica, pero existe mucho más acerca del proceso de generar monedas digitales. En este texto, se intentará explicar con palabras sencillas cómo se produce la minería, en qué consiste, quiénes la pueden hacer y unos cuantos datos más.
Si eres principiante en el tema, te invitamos a conocer un poco acerca de todo este apasionante negocio en expansión. La minería de Bitcoin es la fábrica de dinero más rentable en medio de las actuales condiciones de pandemia y crisis económica internacional.
Qué es y cómo empezó la minería de Bitcoin.
El inicio se remonta a una década atrás, cuando el misterioso Satoshi Nakamoto, dejó su obra y luego desapareció sin dejar rastro. En un principio, para minar bitcoins, se necesitaba solo una CPU. El mismo se conectaba a la red y comenzaba a generar decenas de monedas.
Las ventajosas características de esta moneda digital y de otras que fueron surgiendo en el camino, así como de la red Blockchain, hicieron que captara el interés de un número creciente de personas. Este hecho permitió que el precio de Bitcoin comenzará a subir y, en la misma medida, más mineros se iban incorporando.
Este círculo no se ha detenido hasta el presente. El poder de hash total de Bitcoin alcanza una sorprendente cifra de más de 140 EH/s.
En resumen, se puede decir que la minería Bitcoin es cuando usted conecta su hardware a la red . Así, el mismo comienza a encriptar las transacciones en los bloques por medio de complejos acertijos matemáticos para mandarlos a la red. Por hacer eso, la red lo recompensa con cierta cantidad de bitcoins por bloque minado. Ahora, conozcamos por parte el proceso de minería de Bitcoin.
¿Qué tipo de hardware se requiere para minar?
La minería de Bitcoin, al igual que la minería de oro, ha evolucionado hacia la complejidad en la medida en que este se hace más escaso. Al principio, como ya se dijo, se podía minar bitcoins desde una CPU, es decir, una computadora de mesa.
No obstante, el proceso se fue haciendo más complejo, y fue necesario pasar a una nueva etapa, las tarjetas GPU . Con la constante incorporación de nuevos mineros en la competencia, se necesitaban equipos más poderosos. De esta manera nacieron los Application-specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC).
Se trata de las máquinas mineras que todos hemos conocido al menos por fotos en las redes sociales. Desde la aparición y evolución de estos nuevos modelos de máquinas, ya no hubo vuelta atrás. Actualmente es virtualmente imposible minar Bitcoin con CPU o GPU, a no ser que se conforme con un par de céntimos de dólar al mes.
Ahora bien, en la minería Bitcoin la selección natural es constante. Los equipos ASIC que se usaban en 2017, actualmente son obsoletos y el costo de consumo eléctrico que causan, es más alto que el dinero que producen.
¿Por qué se vuelven obsoletos los equipos mineros?
Mientras más mineros se incorporan al proceso, aumenta la dificultad para conseguir nuevos bloques. ¿Qué es la dificultad? La red Blockchain de Bitcoin, está programada para que cada 10 minutos se mine un bloque nuevo . Si hay muchos mineros peleando por un bloque, los acertijos matemáticos se hacen más complejos.
Por la otra parte, si son pocos los mineros, la dificultad se reduce automáticamente. Esto se produce cada 2016 bloque y su meta es que se mantenga el ritmo de un bloque minado cada 10 minutos. En tal sentido, la minería Bitcoin se podrá extender hasta el año 2.140. Así es, el último Bitcoin se minará dentro de 120 años.
Así que la razón de que los equipos se hagan obsoletos tan rápido, es porque hay muchos y cada vez más, peleando por un botín que se va haciendo pequeño. ¿Cómo que se va haciendo pequeño?
Los halvings.
Los halvings, son procesos automáticos de la red Blockchain de Bitcoin. Los mismos se producen cada 4 años o cada 210.000 bloques minados y consisten en recortar a la mitad la recompensa en Bitcoin por cada bloque procesado por los mineros.
Hasta ahora, se han producido 3 halvings en la red Blockchain de Bitcoin. El primero fue en 2012, cuando la recompensa por bloque bajo de 50 a 25 BTC. Más tarde en 2016, se produjo el segundo Halving, la recompensa bajó de 25 a 12.5 BTC por cada bloque minado.
Finalmente, en mayo de este año, se produjo la tercera y vigente versión de Halving. En la misma la recompensa por bloque bajó de 12.50 a 6.25 BTC.
Si sumamos los halvings, más los ajustes de dificultad de la red, tenemos más clara la razón de que los equipos mineros se hagan obsoletos.
Los pools.
Hasta ahora, sabemos que para ejercer la minería Bitcoin, debemos comprar un equipo lo más actualizado posible que permita nuestro presupuesto y ponerlo a minar. ¿Solo eso? No.
Aunque se puede minar directamente en la red, las posibilidades de conseguir un bloque, son extremadamente bajas. Por eso, prácticamente la totalidad de mineros, se conectan a pools de minería. Se trata de comunidades donde se juntan muchos mineros y, entre todos, suman su poder de cómputo para buscar bloques.
De esta manera, es más fácil conseguir bloques y la recompensa se divide entre todos, por supuesto de acuerdo a la cantidad de hashes que haya aportado en la resolución del acertijo matemático.
Existen muchos pools de minería de Bitcoin. Entre ellos, los más conocidos, con Antpool, Slushpool y otros. Ya estamos más cerca de entenderlo todo. Comprar un equipo ASIC de alto poder de hash, abrir una cuenta en un pool y conectar allí nuestro equipo.
¿Dónde se reciben esos bitcoins que paga la red? Se reciben en una cartera virtual o e-wallet. Existen numerosos sitios donde puedes crear una de manera gratuita, nuestra recomendación, es que antes de elegir, investigues la popularidad, seguridad y estatus legal de la empresa proveedora de wallets. ¡Nunca elijas sitios poco conocidos!
Cuáles son las mejores zonas para minar.
Las mejores zonas para ejercer la minería de Bitcoin, son aquellas que cumplan con tres requisitos fundamentales. Estos son, tener un clima fresco, un marco legal amistoso para las criptomonedas y tarifas de electricidad bajas.
Con estas premisas, el interesado en minar podrá hacer su investigación y decidir donde establecer su negocio. Actualmente, China es el epicentro de la minería Bitcoin. En su territorio se encuentra, según datos, el 65% del total de las granjas de todo el mundo.
Resumen en datos.
Para minar Bitcoin se necesita acceso a Internet, a electricidad y un hardware ASIC del mayor poder que nuestro presupuesto permita. Ese equipo debe ser conectado a un pool de minería Bitcoin, por medio del cual recibiremos los pagos a nuestra e-wallet. Debes estar muy atento con los protocolos eléctricos, se trata de equipos de alto consumo y un cableado demasiado débil seguramente se va a derretir. Consulta una guía de amperaje. Evita pools y e-wallets de proveedores poco conocidos. Elige los más confiables y grandes, suelen ser los más seguros.
Este artículo, bajo ninguna circunstancia se puede considerar una guía para la inversión. Su contenido es netamente informativo y didáctico.