Bitcoin mining.

[Bitcoin]

LIBRENG DOGE ₱5000 PESOS! CLAIM EVERY 1 HOUR BAGONG MINING DOGE FREE WITHOUT DEPOSIT|12:36

[Bitcoin]

2021 Mining DOGECOIN and L3+ setups|19:17

[Bitcoin]

Server CPU load.
With the introduction of standard and group channels for end devices, Stratum V2 enables efficient caching so that server CPUs don’t need to recompute the Merkle root for every share submission. This shifts more responsibility upstream from end mining devices to proxies that connect to pools via extended channels.
V2 70-80% reduction in CPU load on share submissions vs. V1.
V1 Efficient caching is not possible. The Merkle root is recomputed for every submission.
Reduced server CPU load in Stratum V2 is a result of enabling end devices to do header-only mining. This means that the Merkle root is always provided by an upstream node and doesn’t need to be handled by end devices at all. In other words, end devices no longer have to perform any coinbase modifications. This makes computations simpler for miners, but it also has the consequence of making work validation (i.e. CPU load) much lighter on the server side.
As pool operators ourselves, one of our motivations for reducing server CPU load is probably rather obvious вЂ" it reduces our overhead costs. However, any pool can (and should) take advantage of this benefit, so the greater motivation in the big picture is simply to reduce the inefficiency of the entire network.
Job distribution latency.
Pools can send jobs to workers ahead of time for future blocks, even before the prior block has been found. Then the pools can send the latest prevhash to the miners in a much smaller (i.e. faster) message, indicating that they should start working on the next block immediately.
V2 separates the messages, making it possible for the miners to start working on new (full) blocks more quickly after a previous block has been found.
V1 prevhash and future job are part of the same message, so pools send empty blocks.
Pools distribute jobs to miners by sending blocks containing some predefined data as well as some variable data that the miners handle. In Stratum V1, the predefined data includes the prevhash (i.e. hash of the most recently found valid block) and the Merkle root for the transaction set to be included in the current block. However, these two pieces of data aren’t seperabable, so there is a heavy (slow) data transfer necessary to distribute new jobs as soon as a new block (with a new prevhash) has been found and propagated. In Stratum V2, it’s possible to separate the prevhash from the rest of the predefined block data, which allows for the block data to be sent before a new prevhash is available. As a result, the new prevhash message can be sent on its own as soon as a valid block is found, and this transmission can occur much faster because the message doesn’t include heavier data. This enables miners to begin working on new jobs more quickly than they could with Stratum V1.
Every millisecond that a miner has to wait to begin working on a new job is opportunity (i.e. money) lost. By separating the prevhash message from other job distribution messages in Stratum V2, those precious milliseconds can be saved.
Binary vs. non-binary.
Stratum V2 is binary, which means messages are encoded so that machines can read and write them efficiently, but they aren’t suitable for humans to read or work with directly. As a consequence, the size of data transfers between miners, proxies, and pool operators is minimized.
V2 data transfers are not human-readable, but are significantly more efficient.
V1 sends human-readable (JSON) data, which helped with adoption and is easier to parse / debug, but is much less efficient.
The protocol has fixed message framing and is precisely defined, which means that there isn’t room for different interpretations of Stratum V2 like there was with V1. The specific message framing structure can be found in the ‘Framing’ section of the BIP.
The original stratum protocol uses JSON, which has a very poor ratio between message payload size and actual information transmitted. Making Stratum V2 a binary protocol yields far better data efficiency, and the saved bandwidth can be used for more frequent submits to further reduce hashrate variance.
Man-in-the-middle attack prevention.
To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive data, Stratum V2 uses a robust encryption scheme that prevents data from being deciphered by potentially malicious third parties. This protects miners from several attacks that are possible in V1, including hashrate hijacking in which a third party intercepts communication between a miner and pool and takes credit (i.e. steals payouts) for the work the miner has done.
Stratum V2 employs a type of encryption scheme called AEAD (authenticated encryption with associated data) to address the security aspects of all communication that occurs between clients and servers. This provides both confidentiality and integrity for the ciphertexts (i.e. encrypted data) being transferred, as well as providing integrity for associated data which is not encrypted.
Stratum V1 is vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks of three varieties: eavesdropping on all communication between pools and miners, stealing metadata from ISP logs, and hashrate hijacking. These attacks can all be executed without being easily detected, making them all the more troublesome. Stratum V2 uses authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) so that possible adversaries will be unable to use share submission data to identify particular miners, thus maintaining the privacy of miners and protecting them against hashrate hijacking.
Empty block mining elimination.
In Stratum V2, it is equally as efficient for pools to send full blocks for miners to begin working on as it is for them to send empty blocks (i.e. blocks that don’t contain any transactions). Since there is no extra delay caused by sending a full block, the incentive to send an empty block is eliminated.
No extra delay to send a full block vs. an empty block.
Slower to send a full block than an empty block.
Very similarly to the Job Distribution Latency section, the elimination of the incentive for empty block mining comes down to the separation of the prevhash message from other block header data. With Stratum V1, there is an incentive for pools to send empty blocks containing the new prevhash as soon as possible, as these messages will arrive faster than a message containing a full block. By separating these two messages in Stratum V2, it’s now possible for pools to send full blocks to miners before the new prevhash message. In other words, the miners can be prepared to start working on a new (full) block before the previous block has been found, and then all they need is the new prevhash message to begin working on that next block. Since this prevhash message is the same size (i.e. takes the same amount of time to arrive) regardless of whether or not the pool has sent an empty block or a full block, there is no longer an incentive to mine on empty blocks.
As long as the incentive to mine on empty blocks exists, there is a nonzero chance that a miner will actually find a valid solution during this time and propose an empty block that’s accepted by the rest of the network. Given that there is no advantage to mining on an empty block vs. a full block with Stratum V2, empty block mining should effectively be eliminated.

[Bitcoin]

Virtual Mining.
Miner MINEX/Daily Est: Daily BTC Daily USD Daily RUR Mntly BTC Mntly USD Mntly RUR Cost, BTC BTC MINEX.
Purchase date Miner ID Total Mined Est Mined in BTC Est Mined in USD Est Mined in RUR YoPower Status Next payment.
Goodluck4y L0: Pump dump still Same you miss IT..
Goodluck4y L0: You cant do that.
Ondrejj L1: I'm holding my MINEX now.
Goodluck4y L0: Full Green, you thing cant lose. Mistake.
Anhvan123 L0: Minex going to 0.5$ again?
Goodluck4y L0: Goodluck nevěř sell HODL MOO.
easteregg69: Those missing funds episodes tell humankind has degenerated to a stadium where they have no ground for existence.
gonzaloadle L0: Bushido0077 now if the 4 miners that I bought appeared on my mobile device. thank you. You've been very helpful. And finally, why don't they appear on the computer?
Goodluck4y L0: Keep calm And ruinyourself.
Goodluck4y L0: AllIN SARS soon moon.
Goodluck4y L0: Want domě COVIDCOINS?
Bushido0077 L0: gonzaloadle, for nothing dear. I don't know dear wish you good day.
elezaby L0: cryptonabitter, good.
elezaby L0: cryptonabitter, great.
elezaby L0: tradingpa, wow.
nattsuko1024 L0: hey guys how do you avail the YO POWER for Vmining?
nasir7734 L1: how long vmining contract if valid?
Bushido0077 L0: nasir7734, they say forever.
Thehotmustard L0: if you upgrade a miner do you lose the power you already have.
nattsuko1024 L0: i have 0.009 Yo Available.
nattsuko1024 L0: and when would it start to mine. i just purchased it today and seems no mining since yo power in ZERO.
easteregg69: First crook caught. Tried to escape on a seascooter..In a lake! Moron. Check the news.
Geniusus: потом minex x10000000000.
Rausaw L0: Ahora upgrade que será lo próximo?
nattsuko1024 L0: anyone is welcome to answer?
Bushido0077 L0: nattsuko1024, you need to pah for yo power 10 procent of your miner price every month.
deepaks98765 L0: how to sell dice coin.
lvtion L1: nattsuko1024, answer what?
deepaks98765 L0: is their any other exchange.
nattsuko1024 L0: how then i can purchase the YO POWER?
lvtion L1: deepaks98765, yes, local and cash only.
lvtion L1: nattsuko1024, you only need to buy YO.
lvtion L1: I don't know the amount.
nattsuko1024 L0: okay. i have bought YO already and the mining is still not doing anything?
Bushido0077 L0: nattsuko1024, from market.
lvtion L1: nattsuko1024, not sure if it's instantaneous either.
Bushido0077 L0: nattsuko1024, go to my miners and pay for yo.
nattsuko1024 L0: yes i already have, 0.009.
nattsuko1024 L0: doesn't say anyting on my miners to buy yo. no buttons to click.
cyver: nattsuko1024, if it isnt shown, reduce the window to 80% or so and it will appear, or login on your smartphone.
nattsuko1024 L0: okay, thanks cyver. i will try.
nattsuko1024 L0: do i need to download the app or just the web browser?
lvtion L1: nattsuko1024, web browser.
lvtion L1: but on your phone it'll be super small.
Zenpaw: Buy Minex! wohooo.
sparta92 L1: If you want Minex to go to Moon STOP the Fuck selling at lower prices .
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Asteroid.
Asteroid is a free, open-source graphical frontend to CGMiner for Apple Mac computers, whose focus on simplicity is intended to be approachable for new users. Asteroid supports the same devices and features as cgminer, and adds additional features such as crowdsourced scrypt settings, coin address balance monitoring, a pre-populated list of common mining pools, and MobileMiner support for controlling Asteroid from a smartphone.
Precompiled universal binaries for cgminer and its dependencies (libusb, libjansson, and curl) are included. Thus the installation process for end-users is straightforward, involving only downloading and decompressing Asteroid.
Asteroid is written in AppleScriptObjC, a very high-level language capable of producing native Cocoa apps. Being an interpreted language, the source code is included in every copy of Asteroid and is executed directly when the user launches the app.
1 Features 2 Requirements 3 See Also 4 External Links.
quick install, clean UI, with full retina graphics monitor from a smartphone via MobileMiner pre-configured with settings for the 30 most common BTC/LTC pools crowdsourced scrypt settings uses the Mac OS X keychain temperature monitoring with alerts and automated cool downs monitor a coin balance from within the app to watch pool payouts hash rate in dock icon, and device stats in dock menu in-app feedback automatic software updates open-source ultra-transparent - uses interpreted and not pre-compiled code cgminer on the backend.
Mac OS X 10.8+, an OpenCL-compatible GPU and/or USB-based mining hardware (such as an ASICMINER USB Block Erupter, and other ASICs or FPGAs)
Is Asteroid Mining Really Our Best Argument for Bitcoin Over Gold?
Nathaniel Whittemore.
After a Winklevoss encounter highlights Elon Musk's space mining dreams, maybe we should remind ourselves of the right-here-at-home benefits bitcoin brings.
Earlier this week, the Winklevoss brothers introduced Barstool Sports founder Dave Portnoy to bitcoin.
One of the notable parts of the recap video was a discussion of how Elon Musk was set to destroy the value of gold on Earth by mining gold from asteroids.
While much meme fun was had, on this week's Long Reads Sunday NLW has chosen a selection that looks at how fiat beat out gold and how gold beat out silver to provide some - ahem - more immediately relevant lessons on how to explain the benefits of bitcoin.

[Bitcoin]

Dogecoin Mining Day 21 Earnings breakdown|2:57

[Bitcoin]

Boost to Bitcoin: Elon Musk confirms asteroid mining is a risk to gold prices.
Photo by Chris Henry on Unsplash.
Yesterday, the crypto community watched in awe as the Winklevoss Twins met with Barstool Sports founder Dave Portnoy to inform him about Bitcoin.
There were plenty of funny (and awkward) moments during the brief meeting, but one that particularly stood out was when the twins told him that gold's scarcity is an illusion due to the possibility of "Elon Musk mining asteroids" in the near future.
Although Dave - and many commentators on Twitter - joked about this, the possibility may not be as far-fetched as it seems.
Elon Musk himself even confirmed this in a tweet to Portnoy earlier today.
Winklevoss Twins convince Dave Portnoy to buy Bitcoin.
During a brief rendezvous with the Winklevoss Twins - early Bitcoin adopters and the co-founders of Gemini - the founder of Barstool Sports (widely known as El Presidente) purchased his first batch of Bitcoin.
In total, he claims to have purchased $200,000 worth of BTC on Gemini, as well as $50,000 worth of Chainlink.
In a subsequent tweet, however, he said he is "7 figures deep" into Bitcoin - suggesting that he either purchased more afterward or is planning to.
Winklevoss Twins: Gold's scarcity is an illusion due to "asteroid mining"
While speaking about the importance of owning hard assets that are underpinned by scarcity, the twins laid out a case to Portnoy for why BTC is a superior safe haven to gold.
Their argument was centered on a somewhat abstract concept of asteroid mining, noting that someday - in theory - Elon Musk or others could mine the immense amount of gold that currently exists within asteroids.
"There's billions of dollars of gold floating in asteroids around this planet, and Elon is gunna get up there and start mining gold... That's why gold is a problem because the supply isn't fixed like Bitcoin."
Portnoy thought this was a joke and asked the twins multiple times if this is "a real statement."
Following the meeting, Portnoy tweeted at Elon Musk - asking the SpaceX founder for his thoughts on the statement.
Musk offered a one-word response to this, saying "psyche" while linking to a Fox News article regarding NASA's quest to visit a gold-rich asteroid that could "make everyone on Earth a billionaire."
It seems this made Portnoy even more bullish on Bitcoin, as 20 minutes later he demanded in a post that Bitcoin's price rise to $12,000.
Whether or not any of this widespread publicity pushes the price of the benchmark cryptocurrency higher remains to be seen. Still, it is certainly helping to expose more people to BTC than ever before.
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4 takeaways from the Winklevoss Twins' Bitcoin rendezvous with Barstool's Portnoy.
What do you do when two identical men standing 6 ft 5 in tall pull up to your house in the Hamptons during a pandemic? If you're Dave Portnoy, the founder of Barstool Sports, you open the door and welcome them in.
Barstool's Dave Portnoy is finally diving into Bitcoin after branding it a "scam"
If you've read any financial news outlet over the past few months, you've likely heard the story of Dave Portnoy.
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Bitcoin Blockchain Will Be Cracked Before Asteroid Mining Becomes Possible: Peter Schiff.
Peter Schiff, the CEO of Euro Pacific Capital, finally decided to put a dent in the narrative pro-Bitcoin narrative about asteroid mining.
He assumes that the advancement of computing will be so drastic that the Bitcoin blockchain will long be cracked before it will be possible to mine gold in space.
Furthermore, Schiff claims that the gold riches discovered in space will not make it to Earth:
"Long before any gold is mined from asteroids (though gold mined in space will likely never be brought back to earth, but used in space) advances in computer since will have long since cracked the Bitcoin blockchain, assuming the Bitcoin market didn't crack on its own first."
A new Bitcoin narrative.
During their much-hyped meeting with Barstool Sports founder Dave Portnoy, the Winklevoss used the space mining argument to explain why Bitcoin is superior to the yellow metal.

[Bitcoin]

The idea doesn't seem to be that far-fetched. Earlier this year, NASA joined forces with Elon Musk's SpaceX to start exploring Psyche 16, a mineral-rich asteroid that could make every Earthian a billionaire, in 2022.
While Portnoy (as well as crypto Twitter) mainly laughed off this threat, ex-Coinbase CTO, Balaji S. Srinivasan believes that the yellow metal could experience the level of inflation that will be similar to the 16th century when plenty of gold was flooding to Europe from Americas:
"That said, if you're debating folks who agree the dollar is inflating away its value but are still bullish on gold, I wouldn't lead with the scarcity argument per se (valid as it may be). I'd lead with the fact that physical gold has counterparty risk & is hard to transport."
Schiff's Bitcoin mystery.
While quantum computing might indeed cause a major shift in cryptocurrency, it is unlikely to scale enough to produce any impact on the Bitcoin blockchain anytime soon as explained by developer Peter Todd:
"We still don't even know if it's possible to scale quantum computers; quite possible that adding qbits will have an exponential cost."
With that being said, Schiff's understanding of Bitcoin's is very mediocre at best to make such outrageous claims.
In early January, the 57-year-old gold bug publicly embarrassed himself by mistaking the PIN to his Bitcoin wallet with the seed phrase.
Ist Asteroid Mining wirklich unser bestes Argument für Bitcoin über Gold?
Nachdem eine Winklevoss-Begegnung Elon Musks Träume vom Weltraumabbau hervorgehoben hat, sollten wir uns vielleicht an die Vorteile erinnern, die Bitcoin für Sie bietet.
Anfang dieser Woche stellten die Brüder Winklevoss Barstool Sports-Gründer Dave Portnoy Bitcoin vor.
Einer der bemerkenswerten Teile des Rückblickvideos war eine Diskussion darüber, wie Elon Musk den Wert von Gold auf der Erde zerstören sollte, indem er Gold von Asteroiden abbaute.
Während viel Meme-Spaß gemacht wurde, hat NLW am Long Reads Sunday dieser Woche eine Auswahl ausgewählt, die untersucht, wie Fiat Gold und Gold Silber schlägt, um einige - ähm - unmittelbar relevante Lektionen zur Erklärung der Vorteile von Bitcoin zu erhalten .
Billionaire Chamath Palihapitiya Shares His Take on Bitcoin and Asteroid Mining.
During his recent appearance on CNBC's Squawk Box, Social Capital CEO Chamath Palihapitiya has once again weighed in on Bitcoin, claiming that it could create "enormous wealth redistribution."
The billionaire investor was, however, baffled by the idea floated by the Winklevoss twins about how asteroid mining could boost Bitcoin's value while bringing the gold market to its knees.
Minting trillionaires.
When asked about the outlandish theory that the Winklevii came up with during their meeting with Dave Portnoy of Barstool Sports, Palihapitiya simply replied that he had "no idea" what they were talking about.
As reported by U.Today, the twins are convinced that the grandiose plan of SpaceX CEO Elon Musk to find space gold on a metal-rich asteroid called Psyche, together with NASA, presents a major bull case for Bitcoin.
Even if their spacecraft managed to reach the asteroid that is estimated to be worth $15.8 qln, Bruce Willis and Ben Affleck will not magically show up on its surface to mine precious metals.
As a chairman of SpaceX's greatest rival, Virgin Galactic, Palihapitiya explained the main pitfalls likely to be faced by space mining:
There's a couple of problems. One is called the rocket equation. There's a small problem of getting on to the asteroid, mining it, generating enough energy to come back. bringing back all those wonderful riches that you find there. I mean, I hope it happens.
Thriving in chaos.
Last month, Palihapitiya revealed that he was still sizing up his Bitcoin holdings after first dipping his toes into the cryptocurrency back in 2013.
Palihapitiya--whose VC firm is currently at the forefront of the sweeping SPAC craze--claimed that nothing could compare to his BTC bet.
His investment advice is holding and hoping that you will never need it. Its further appreciation is contingent on the amount of chaos that we are going to see:
And, honestly, I hope that you will never need because the amount of actual chaos that will drive Bitcoin appreciation is not something that we actually really wanna see. Now that being said, if it does happen, I think it will create an enormous power redistribution.
The Beginner's Guide to Litecoin Mining.
By: Ian MacPhee | Last updated: 5/3/20.
Since its creation in 2011 Litecoin has remained a close second to Bitcoin, dubbed as the "silver to Bitcoin's gold". This guide will show you how to get started mining Litecoin or other Scrypt coins with your L3+.
Litecoin Mining Summary.
Here's a quick guide to mine Litecoins:
Hook up the Litecoin miner to your computer Configure the miner Join a Litecoin mining pool Start mining Litecoin!
I know it sounds extremely simple but that's how you mine Litecoin in a nutshell. If you want a detailed explanation keep on reading. Here's what I'll cover:
Don't like to read? Watch our video guide:
1. Bitmain's Antminer L3 Series.
In this guide I will use the Antmier L3+, a very powerful ASIC miner that uses Scrypt to mine Litecoin. ASIC stands for Application Specific Integrated Circuit and it means that these miners are made solely for the purpose of mining a specific coin, making them super efficient.
The L3+ debuted in 2017 and was very profitable for a long time. In fact, it made around $20-$30 per day, even with rising difficulties and network hashrates.
This winning streak was primarily due to the epic price run that Litecoin made in 2017. It went all the way from under $3 at the beginning of the year to over $300 at the height of the crypto market in December.
My personal story of getting an L3 had some ups and downs. I desperately tried to get one when it was released but due to extremely high demand it was always sold out on Bitmain. I finally bought one on Amazon and ended up getting scammed. However, Amazon came through for me and I received a refund.
Eventually I got my hands on several L3s, but I guess the moral of this story is: Buy directly from the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM).
This guide also applies to the L3++, which is a little faster and a little more expensive than the L3+. In my opinion, there's an upside to cheap ASIC miners: If and when crypto prices take off, the profitability of cheaper miners will go through the roof. So within a single bull-market cycle, you'll quickly get an ROI many times over.
2. Setting Up the Miner.
Step 1 - Unbox and hook everything up.
All 9 PCI-e connections (2 on each of the 4 hashing boards, and 1 on the controller) The Ethernet cable (from the L3+ to your router) The power cord.
Once the power cord is in, the miner should power on automatically.
Step 2 - Log in to miner's interface.
Download the free IP Scanner tool (Angry IP Scanner). Install and run the Angry IP Scanner. Click "Start" to scan and detect devices on your local network After the scan completes, click "Go to" at the top menu bar and then click "Next alive host". Do this until 'Antminer' appears in the 'Hostname' column. Note: In some cases the hostname might be missing i.e. you will only see an IP address. In case this happens, you will need to perform the next step on several IPs until you find Antminer's address. Once you find it, right-click on it and choose "Copy IP." Paste the IP into your browser's URL line. Login with 'root' for both username and password.
Here's how the whole process should look:
3. Choosing a Mining Pool.
Joining a mining pool is a good way to make a constant revenue stream with your miner. In this chapter I will show you how to set up your L3+ with two different mining pools, depending on the way you want to be paid out.
#Prohashing - For mining multiple coins.
Prohashing's strongest point is this - They automatically mine the most profitable coins for each supported algorithm (such as Scrypt, SHA-256, X11, and Equihash).
Also, you get paid in the coin you choose, regardless of the coin you mined.
Thanks to ProHashing's smart system you'll likely make more Litecoins than you would have by just mining Litecoin on another pool. This way you're spared from making all the calculations in the hunt for the most profitable pools.
This system also allows you to get payment in coins that you think have a higher likelihood of increasing in value over time.
So, with Prohashing you don't have to put all your eggs in one basket. You can get paid via any number of coins, with any weight you assign. This way you can utilize your strategy across multiple coins, or mix in some long-term coins if you prefer.
#ProHashing Setup.
When logged in to your Antminer, go to the "Miner Configuration" page and enter the following:
URL: prohashing.com:3333 WORKER: PASSWORD: n= , a=
To configure which coins you want to get paid in, click "Settings" then "Payout Proportions". Make sure you have a wallet address ready for each coin you want to get paid in.
Example:
URL: prohashing.com:3333 WORKER: Techman34 PASSWORD: n=myL3, a=scrypt.
For our second pool, we're going to mine on NiceHash and get paid in Bitcoin.
An important pool strategy is to use multiple pool services, so you have an unrelated failover setup. This way, the likelihood of both pools being down at the same time (and your machine being idle and losing money) is much smaller.
NiceHash setup.
Go to the NiceHash ASIC page. In the "SELECT ALGORITHM" drop-down, choose "Scrypt." Under "SELECT LOCATION," choose your region or the closest one to you. Click the "Generate Stratum" button. The output url should look something like: stratum+tcp://scrypt. .NiceHash.com:3333 Copy the URL, and paste it in your 2nd Pool, under your Antminer Miner Configuration tab.
URL: stratum+tcp://scrypt.usa.NiceHash.com:3333 WORKER: 37UPzLMoFE7i41qChPPXh7RxPprXWyMZBy.myL3 PASSWORD: x.
Note: For WORKER, use the bitcoin address you want the BTC to be transferred to + any worker name with (.) between them, as in the example.
For the third and final Pool URL, I'll use a NiceHash EU server:
URL: stratum+tcp://scrypt.eu.NiceHash.com:3333 WORKER: 37UPzLMoFE7i41qChPPXh7RxPprXWyMZBy.myL3 PASSWORD: x.
Hit "Save & Apply" in the bottom-right corner of your Miner Configuration tab, and you're off and mining with your L3+!
4. The Risks of ASIC Mining.
Unlike GPU mining rigs that harness the power of PC gaming gear for mining, ASIC hardware was designed solely for the purpose of mining. While this may seem like a win-win situation for everyone, some coin developers don't like the idea of ASIC manufacturers having a say in their development.
These developers fear that powerful ASICs could lead to large, centralized mining farms, and potentially even launch a 51% attack.
Due to that, there is some risk involved in buying an ASIC miner for the long run. Since ASICs are only useful if they're compatible with the coin they mine, the coin developers could change the code to render the ASIC useless.
For example, Bitmain X3 was developed for mining Monero and it was very successful at that for a while. However, eventually the Monero development team forked the coin, and the ASICs were no longer compatible with it.
Still, many ASICs can be quite profitable in the long run. Coin developers for Bitcoin, Dash, and Sia, to name a few, allow ASIC miners to mine their coins.
Also, in the Monero case I mentioned above, the X3's were eventually used to mine other CryptoNight coins that haven't forked yet and were actually quite profitable.
How Many Litecoins are Left?
65,214,075 Litecoins have been mined as of June 11 2020, leaving 18,785,925 Litecoins to be mined.

[Bitcoin]

MINING-DUTCH el mejor minero pool del momento.|31:33

[Bitcoin]

Sensational Mining Pool Review: Dutch Miner|17:19

[Bitcoin]

Mining Dutch настройка и подключение для майнинга 2020 году|23:33

[Bitcoin]

Is Mining Litecoin Profitable?
Yes. If you have the right setup (i.e. low electricity cost and a cool environment) it's still profitable to mine Liteocin. In order to find out if you can be profitable use a Litecoin mining calculator.
How Long does it Take to Mine 1 Litecoin?
Using the L3++ with a difficulty factor of 13,667,659.27727 it will take you 45 days to mine 1 Litecoin.
That's it for the beginner's guide to mining Litecoin with your L3 ASIC Miner. I hope you've found this guide useful. As you can see, within 10 minutes you can have your ASIC miner running and earning you some coins.
If you run into any issues or have questions, please comment in the field below or in the video comments, or contact me on Twitter at @cryptocg. However you reach out, I'll try to help.
If you're interested in taking your crypto mining to the next level, sign up at Crypto Mining Academy. There, I offer a comprehensive course, which provides massive detail about every step of the mining process.
Bitcoin mining for Beginners: All You Need to Know about Bitcoin mining.
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In this guide, we take a look at Bitcoin mining - what it is, how it works, how it influences world economy, and whether it's something that can generate profit for individuals.
Very often, we hear individuals talk about Bitcoin mining. What comes to the mind of most people is the conventional way of mining gold and other mineral resources which involves making use of pickaxes and diggers to dig the ground for a gold mine and it turns out that the analogy is quite similar.
While that thought seems exciting, Bitcoin mining is accomplished by supercomputers with a fast processing speed that can puzzle out complex permutations and codes which cannot be handled by the human brain as these complex problems give the computers a lot of difficulties. This is why the effort put in by a computer handling complex calculations is synonymous to a gold miner looking for gold in the ground.
Recently, it was discovered that the probability of getting a solution for one of these permutations is 1 in 13 trillion and this would be further discussed in this article. Bitcoin mining bASICally provides two outcomes.
First, the result obtained when Bitcoin is mined over the network is a replica of the same value which is not far fetched from the process of gold extraction. The other result is ensuring the trustworthiness and reliability of the Bitcoin payment solution by documenting all transactions done with Bitcoin. While this explanation may seem bogus and unclear, the various subtopics in this guide details all there is to know about Bitcoin.
Whenever Bitcoin is transferred or received it is regarded as a "transaction" and several ways by which a transaction can be made are through; retail stores, or buying from the internet, and evidence of payment is printed at ATM spots or banks. This standard procedure is also carried out by Bitcoin miners to ensure transparency by piling transactions together in the form of "blocks" in a general record known as "blockchain". Nodes are similar to account statements which can be retrieved to check transaction history over a couple of months. They store all documentations of the blocks for future reference.
When blocks are added to a blockchain regularly, it is pertinent for Bitcoin miners to ensure that all records are accurate, and more importantly that the mined Bitcoins are not identical as every Bitcoin should be peculiar to itself. It is much easier to detect counterfeit banknotes when someone walks into a convenience store to purchase an item which is why bitcoin miners make the effort to scrutinize every block in the blockchain.
It is very easy to falsify information on the internet as with Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies that are computerized. Take for instance if a duplicated $100 bill is taken along with the original to a convenience store and out of curiosity the clerk decides to examine the notes and then discovers that they have the same serial number.
What the store attendant does is to return the counterfeit which is similar to what a Bitcoin miner does which is to ensure there are no duplicates. In situations where a duplicate error occurs and the counterfeit is spent, over half of the mining power is consumed from the network. The increasing value of Bitcoin makes it impossible for fraudsters to duplicate the currency as several security measures are put in place to prevent it.

[Bitcoin]

Bitcoin mining for Beginners: How Does the Whole Thing Work?
There are several steps taken by Bitcoin miners to obtain digital currencies but they are explained in two steps. The first thing miners do is to accumulate documented transfers of about 1 megabyte (MB) in size which can vary in quantity from one transfer to numbers reaching ten thousand with the data of the transfer being a key determinant of the data size.
Secondly, Bitcoin miners must attempt to increase the number of blocks on the blockchain, and this can be achieved by making use of fast processing computers to resolve rigorous and complex permutations. What these Bitcoin miners are trying to obtain is a hash 64-digit hexadecimal number that is lesser in value or equivalent to their aim.
Usually, a miner programs his computer to deliver an output of hash at a speed called megahash every second (MH/S), gigahash every second (GH/S) or as high as terahashes in a second (TH/S) and doing this consistently until all 64-digit numbers have been exhausted or the right one found. It is more of guessing than actual calculation in this scenario.
With a very unfavorable odd of one in 13 trillion and an enormous number of users over the world constantly making transactions, blocks are verified and added to the blockchain in the space of 10 minutes but may vary due to size and other factors on some occasions.
The Bitcoin network is designed to log as much as seven transactions in split seconds and this is done to ensure fast delivery to the blockchain. For example, Verve may be integrating payments for customers at 24,000 transactions in a second but the increasing number of users will result in more transactions initiated in 10 minutes and a decline in the number of transactions processed in that time frame. As a result, the standard protocol for processing payment is changed and regulations need to be adjusted.
The troubling issue in regards to the protocol for processing payment is called "scaling". Bitcoin miners are constantly making an effort to address the issue of scaling but are yet to completely fix it. However, a glint of hope seems feasible as two important points have been raised on the issue. Major stakeholders have proposed two options;
Developing a subsidiary Bitcoin ''off-chain'' division to increase the number of transactions processed in 10 minutes. Increasing the storage space of each block to allow more transactions. Limiting the information carried on each block would make Solution 1 a viable option as mining cost and transaction time is reduced. The second option increases block storage and creates room for more transactions to be processed in the standard time.

[Bitcoin]

Miners Gain.
With the numerous benefits of the Internet reaching financial services, making payment for goods and services rather easy, there has been an increase in the demand for secure payment portals. Bitcoin, which has become a widely accepted means of payment, has recorded an all-time high of half a million daily transactions.
The miners, who are responsible for verifying every single transaction, go through a lot of work in doing this and are rewarded for their efforts. in adding blocks to the blockchain.
How Bitcoin mining Influences the Economy.
Bitcoin's much anticipated halving for the third time happened this year and miners in the cryptocurrency industry seem to be unsettled about it because the newly produced block is the 630,000th triggered the third sequence on the Bitcoin network. The newly produced block now holds 6.25 Bitcoin each and it was launched in China by Antpool; one of the corporations responsible for using the most intensive processing power in the country.
The third halving which took place on the Bitcoin network in May 2020 has caused a decline in the profits which miners get from 12.5 to 6.25 Bitcoin per block. The previous halving saw a decrease from 25 to 12.5 Bitcoin and the first halving from 50 to 25 BTCs in a block.
What halving does to freshly mined Bitcoin is that the value of a newly produced digital currency will reduce from 1800 to 900 BTCs per block. This also implies that the generated revenue of Bitcoin for a day decreases to $8 million from about $15 million while going for $8,600 per Bitcoin.
The processing power and speed of transactions on the network are also affected because revenue is decreased, and as such, there will be cutbacks on electricity usage and other logistics. There are still several unknowns about the effects of the third halving and Bitcoin miners continue to hope the impact is minimal.
Since the Bitcoin industry is not regulated by the government or reputable financial institutions like banks, there is still a lot of skepticism on how secure the network operates. On the other hand, the independence and lack of financial supervision provided are greatly enjoyed by many as it gives them control of their money and what to do with.
All payments made using the platform are however documented and easily accessible thereby reducing the possibility of a counterfeit BTC being used or spending stolen Bitcoins. Unlike traditional financial institutions whose records can be altered, the blockchain network contains unalterable transactions that are transparent for anyone to look up.
It is however possible to lose your BTCs if you mistakenly enter your Bitcoin details in an insecure or phishing website as several cases of fraud and thefts have been recorded. In conclusion, it would be better off long term if Bitcoin had a supervisory body responsible for seeing to their operations as this could give a lot more individuals confidence to use the network.
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Bitcoin mining - It's About Solving Problems.
Are you a good problem solver? Well, then you may be a good candidate to get involved with Bitcoin mining, because that is what the process is all about.
First of all, the discovery of bitcoins is itself called "solving" a block. In case you don't know what that involves, it means that whatever the apparatus you are using to get the job accomplished, it is going to do millions and millions of calculations in order to "solve" a very complex problem that, in truth, you don't know the answer to going in. Heck, you only know what the parameters are, in general terms. So you can see how complex it actually is.
Have you ever heard the term "numbers crunching"? Well, this is just that - on steroids. In fact, if you went and asked people who have been mining for a number of years, the first thing they will do is warn you about how taxing the whole thing can be on the computer power you have at your disposal. It can indeed be VERY taxing.
Many people who are engaged in Bitcoin mining do so by working in teams. As such, it does take some teamwork to make things happen. So it is imperative that you be able to cooperate with people for the purposes of working toward a common goal. When you get to that common goal, you may well discover that your efforts in Bitcoin mining will have accomplished a great deal indeed! Just solve problems together!

[Bitcoin]

Protocol documentation.
This page describes the behavior of the reference client. The Bitcoin protocol is specified by the behavior of the reference client, not by this page. In particular, while this page is quite complete in describing the network protocol, it does not attempt to list all of the rules for block or transaction validity.
Type names used in this documentation are from the C99 standard.
For protocol used in mining, see getblocktemplate.
1 Common standards 1.1 Hashes 1.2 Merkle Trees 1.3 Signatures 1.4 Transaction Verification 1.5 Addresses 2 Common structures 2.1 Message structure 2.2 Variable length integer 2.3 Variable length string 2.4 Network address 2.5 Inventory Vectors 2.6 Block Headers 2.7 Differential encoding 2.8 PrefilledTransaction 2.9 HeaderAndShortIDs 2.10 BlockTransactionsRequest 2.11 BlockTransactions 2.12 Short transaction ID 3 Message types 3.1 version 3.2 verack 3.3 addr 3.4 inv 3.5 getdata 3.6 notfound 3.7 getblocks 3.8 getheaders 3.9 tx 3.10 block 3.11 headers 3.12 getaddr 3.13 mempool 3.14 checkorder 3.15 submitorder 3.16 reply 3.17 ping 3.18 pong 3.19 reject 3.20 filterload, filteradd, filterclear, merkleblock 3.21 alert 3.22 sendheaders 3.23 feefilter 3.24 sendcmpct 3.25 cmpctblock 3.26 getblocktxn 3.27 blocktxn 4 Scripting 5 See Also 6 References.
Common standards.
Hashes.
Usually, when a hash is computed within bitcoin, it is computed twice. Most of the time SHA-256 hashes are used, however RIPEMD-160 is also used when a shorter hash is desirable (for example when creating a bitcoin address).
Example of double-SHA-256 encoding of string "hello":
For bitcoin addresses (RIPEMD-160) this would give:
Merkle Trees.
Merkle trees are binary trees of hashes. Merkle trees in bitcoin use a double SHA-256, the SHA-256 hash of the SHA-256 hash of something.
If, when forming a row in the tree (other than the root of the tree), it would have an odd number of elements, the final double-hash is duplicated to ensure that the row has an even number of hashes.
First form the bottom row of the tree with the ordered double-SHA-256 hashes of the byte streams of the transactions in the block.
Then the row above it consists of half that number of hashes. Each entry is the double-SHA-256 of the 64-byte concatenation of the corresponding two hashes below it in the tree.
This procedure repeats recursively until we reach a row consisting of just a single double-hash. This is the Merkle root of the tree.
For example, imagine a block with three transactions a , b and c . The Merkle tree is:
d7 is the Merkle root of the 3 transactions in this block.
Note: Hashes in Merkle Tree displayed in the Block Explorer are of little-endian notation. For some implementations and calculations, the bytes need to be reversed before they are hashed, and again after the hashing operation.
Signatures.
For ECDSA the secp256k1 curve from http://www.secg.org/sec2-v2.pdf is used.
Public keys (in scripts) are given as 04 where x and y are 32 byte big-endian integers representing the coordinates of a point on the curve or in compressed form given as where is 0x02 if y is even and 0x03 if y is odd.
Signatures use DER encoding to pack the r and s components into a single byte stream (this is also what OpenSSL produces by default).
Transaction Verification.
Transactions are cryptographically signed records that reassign ownership of Bitcoins to new addresses. Transactions have inputs - records which reference the funds from other previous transactions - and outputs - records which determine the new owner of the transferred Bitcoins, and which will be referenced as inputs in future transactions as those funds are respent.
Each input must have a cryptographic digital signature that unlocks the funds from the prior transaction. Only the person possessing the appropriate private key is able to create a satisfactory signature; this in effect ensures that funds can only be spent by their owners.
Each output determines which Bitcoin address (or other criteria, see Script) is the recipient of the funds.
In a transaction, the sum of all inputs must be equal to or greater than the sum of all outputs. If the inputs exceed the outputs, the difference is considered a transaction fee, and is redeemable by whoever first includes the transaction into the block chain.
A special kind of transaction, called a coinbase transaction, has no inputs. It is created by miners, and there is one coinbase transaction per block. Because each block comes with a reward of newly created Bitcoins (e.g. 50 BTC for the first 210,000 blocks), the first transaction of a block is, with few exceptions, the transaction that grants those coins to their recipient (the miner). In addition to the newly created Bitcoins, the coinbase transaction is also used for assigning the recipient of any transaction fees that were paid within the other transactions being included in the same block. The coinbase transaction can assign the entire reward to a single Bitcoin address, or split it in portions among multiple addresses, just like any other transaction. Coinbase transactions always contain outputs totalling the sum of the block reward plus all transaction fees collected from the other transactions in the same block.
The coinbase transaction in block zero cannot be spent. This is due to a quirk of the reference client implementation that would open the potential for a block chain fork if some nodes accepted the spend and others did not [1] .
Most Bitcoin outputs encumber the newly transferred coins with a single ECDSA private key. The actual record saved with inputs and outputs isn't necessarily a key, but a script . Bitcoin uses an interpreted scripting system to determine whether an output's criteria have been satisfied, with which more complex operations are possible, such as outputs that require two ECDSA signatures, or two-of-three-signature schemes. An output that references a single Bitcoin address is a typical output; an output actually contains this information in the form of a script that requires a single ECDSA signature (see OP_CHECKSIG). The output script specifies what must be provided to unlock the funds later, and when the time comes in the future to spend the transaction in another input, that input must provide all of the thing(s) that satisfy the requirements defined by the original output script.

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Addresses.
A bitcoin address is in fact the hash of a ECDSA public key, computed this way:
The Base58 encoding used is home made, and has some differences. Especially, leading zeroes are kept as single zeroes when conversion happens.
Common structures.
Almost all integers are encoded in little endian. Only IP or port number are encoded big endian.
Message structure.
Field Size Description Data type Comments 4 magic uint32_t Magic value indicating message origin network, and used to seek to next message when stream state is unknown 12 command char[12] ASCII string identifying the packet content, NULL padded (non-NULL padding results in packet rejected) 4 length uint32_t Length of payload in number of bytes 4 checksum uint32_t First 4 bytes of sha256(sha256(payload)) ? payload uchar[] The actual data.
Known magic values:
Network Magic value Sent over wire as main 0xD9B4BEF9 F9 BE B4 D9 testnet/regtest 0xDAB5BFFA FA BF B5 DA testnet3 0x0709110B 0B 11 09 07 signet(default) 0x40CF030A 0A 03 CF 40 namecoin 0xFEB4BEF9 F9 BE B4 FE.
Variable length integer.
Integer can be encoded depending on the represented value to save space. Variable length integers always precede an array/vector of a type of data that may vary in length. Longer numbers are encoded in little endian.
Variable length string can be stored using a variable length integer followed by the string itself.
Field Size Description Data type Comments 1+ length var_int Length of the string ? string char[] The string itself (can be empty)
Network address.
When a network address is needed somewhere, this structure is used. Network addresses are not prefixed with a timestamp in the version message.
(12 bytes 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF , followed by the 4 bytes of the IPv4 address).
Hexdump example of Network address structure.
Inventory Vectors.
Inventory vectors are used for notifying other nodes about objects they have or data which is being requested.
Inventory vectors consist of the following data format:
Field Size Description Data type Comments 4 type uint32_t Identifies the object type linked to this inventory 32 hash char[32] Hash of the object.
The object type is currently defined as one of the following possibilities:
Value Name Description 0 ERROR Any data of with this number may be ignored 1 MSG_TX Hash is related to a transaction 2 MSG_BLOCK Hash is related to a data block 3 MSG_FILTERED_BLOCK Hash of a block header; identical to MSG_BLOCK. Only to be used in getdata message. Indicates the reply should be a merkleblock message rather than a block message; this only works if a bloom filter has been set. See BIP 37 for more info. 4 MSG_CMPCT_BLOCK Hash of a block header; identical to MSG_BLOCK. Only to be used in getdata message. Indicates the reply should be a cmpctblock message. See BIP 152 for more info. 0x40000001 MSG_WITNESS_TX Hash of a transaction with witness data. See BIP 144 for more info. 0x40000002 MSG_WITNESS_BLOCK Hash of a block with witness data. See BIP 144 for more info. 0x40000003 MSG_FILTERED_WITNESS_BLOCK Hash of a block with witness data. Only to be used in getdata message. Indicates the reply should be a merkleblock message rather than a block message; this only works if a bloom filter has been set. See BIP 144 for more info.
Other Data Type values are considered reserved for future implementations.
Block Headers.
Block headers are sent in a headers packet in response to a getheaders message.
Field Size Description Data type Comments 4 version int32_t Block version information (note, this is signed) 32 prev_block char[32] The hash value of the previous block this particular block references 32 merkle_root char[32] The reference to a Merkle tree collection which is a hash of all transactions related to this block 4 timestamp uint32_t A timestamp recording when this block was created (Will overflow in 2106 [2] ) 4 bits uint32_t The calculated difficulty target being used for this block 4 nonce uint32_t The nonce used to generate this block... to allow variations of the header and compute different hashes 1+ txn_count var_int Number of transaction entries, this value is always 0.
Differential encoding.
Several uses of CompactSize below are "differentially encoded". For these, instead of using raw indexes, the number encoded is the difference between the current index and the previous index, minus one. For example, a first index of 0 implies a real index of 0, a second index of 0 thereafter refers to a real index of 1, etc.
PrefilledTransaction.
A PrefilledTransaction structure is used in HeaderAndShortIDs to provide a list of a few transactions explicitly.
Field Name Type Size Encoding Purpose index CompactSize 1, 3 bytes Compact Size, differentially encoded since the last PrefilledTransaction in a list The index into the block at which this transaction is tx Transaction variable As encoded in tx messages The transaction which is in the block at index index.
See BIP 152 for more information.
HeaderAndShortIDs.
A HeaderAndShortIDs structure is used to relay a block header, the short transactions IDs used for matching already-available transactions, and a select few transactions which we expect a peer may be missing.
Field Name Type Size Encoding Purpose header Block header 80 bytes First 80 bytes of the block as defined by the encoding used by "block" messages The header of the block being provided nonce uint64_t 8 bytes Little Endian A nonce for use in short transaction ID calculations shortids_length CompactSize 1 or 3 bytes As used to encode array lengths elsewhere The number of short transaction IDs in shortids (ie block tx count - prefilledtxn_length) shortids List of 6-byte integers 6*shortids_length bytes Little Endian The short transaction IDs calculated from the transactions which were not provided explicitly in prefilledtxn prefilledtxn_length CompactSize 1 or 3 bytes As used to encode array lengths elsewhere The number of prefilled transactions in prefilledtxn (ie block tx count - shortids_length) prefilledtxn List of PrefilledTransactions variable size*prefilledtxn_length As defined by PrefilledTransaction definition, above Used to provide the coinbase transaction and a select few which we expect a peer may be missing.